The Singapore practice of opening a legal entity allows the presence of foreign majority management only if there is a local citizen on the board of directors of the company who is fully responsible for organisational and operational issues, while foreign shareholders can manage remotely. However, the company's accounts are fully regulated by the local director to whom, in fact, the account is opened. With the current changes, the Banks of the Republic of Singapore (RS) require the local director to be the majority shareholder, albeit nominally, which makes him or her, in fact, the official owner, which also does not exclude certain risks. It is also important to understand that RS Banks do not open accounts for CIS citizens, as was previously accepted (with the exception of private banks, such as Swiss ones). Additionally, it is informed that in order to register a company in Singapore, foreigners need to have a SingPass (a single password for all types of public services that local residents have). The RS legislation does not allow foreign individuals or legal entities to independently register companies in Singapore. In this regard, in order to register a company in Singapore, it is necessary to hire a specialised firm. It is possible to freely manage your Singapore company from abroad and to visit Singapore to participate in the affairs of the company on a regular tourist visa. However, you will need to find at least one local director and secretary, who are residents of Singapore. To independently participate in the affairs of the company, you must first obtain work visas (Employment Pass and Enter Pass). After that, you can act as a local resident director of your company. However, it is not so easy to obtain these visas - firstly, for the Employment Pass, the company must have a good authorized capital (at least 100,000 SGD), and secondly, the education and declared salary of the founder (at least 5,000 SGD) is of great importance. As for the Enter Pass (entrepreneur visa), to obtain it, it is now required to have a unique technology, have a local investor, or conduct joint research with one of the official research institutes in Singapore. It is noted that Singapore is trying to position itself as a centre for innovative start-ups and accordingly takes steps to simplify the procedures and thereby attract new startups to Singapore. So, for example, now it is not necessary to pay the authorized capital of $50,000 when creating a Singapore company, open a bank account in Singapore and then transfer $50,000 to the bank account of a Singapore company in order to obtain an entrepreneur's visa. The second derogation is to increase the validity of such a visa from one year to two years. To apply for an entrepreneur visa in Singapore, you need to have a full-fledged business plan for a startup. Previously, the decision was made by the Ministry of Labor of the RS on the basis of parameters such as whether the state investment fund of Singapore is ready to invest in the project, but now it is not required. The new criteria for evaluating each startup were added - whether visa applicants have entrepreneurial experience, appropriate education and experience in investing in startups, etc. The concept of innovators, investors, and entrepreneurs was also introduced.

The requirements for foreign owners of a company registered in Estonia do not differ from the requirements applicable to local founders. All obligations towards the state arise in relation to the Estonian company itself and are determined by the relevant rules and regulations of Estonia. The founder of the company can have any citizenship and reside in any country in the world. Companies in Estonia must indicate the actual beneficiaries (a natural person who actually controls the activities of the company and receives a monetary benefit from the result of the company's activities) in the Commercial Register. If the owner of the company is another legal entity, then it is considered who are the owners of this legal entity in order to determine the final natural person, who through indirect and direct ownership owns more than 25% of the company.

According to the Act of the Slovak Republic on the Business Code No. 513 of 5th November 1991, foreign persons may conduct business in the territory of the Slovak Republic under the same conditions and to the same extent as persons holding citizenship, unless otherwise provided by law. For the purposes of this Act, a foreign person means a natural person with a place of residence or a legal entity with a registered office in the territory of the Slovak Republic. The right of a foreign person to conduct business in the territory of the Slovak Republic begins on the day of registration of the company of this person or his organisational unit in the commercial register, to the extent that the business entity is entered in the commercial register. An application for registration is submitted by a foreign person. The right of a foreign person to conduct business in the territory of the Slovak Republic expires on the day of exclusion of that person's enterprise or its organisational unit from the commercial register. A proposal for removal is submitted by a foreign person.

It is regulated in accordance with the Convention between the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Government of the Republic of Italy on the Elimination of Double Taxation in Respect of Taxes on Income and the Prevention of Tax Evasion (signed in Rome on September 22, 1994).

In accordance with the Law of Croatia "On Companies", legal entities, residents, and non-residents of the country, subsidiaries, including companies with minority or majority foreign participation, operate within the framework of uniform legislative conditions. A foreign investor can establish a company or participate in its creation while having rights and obligations similar to any domestic investor. Foreign investors who have registered head office or residence in a country that is not a member of the WTO must satisfy the condition of reciprocity. The Constitution of the Republic of Croatia provides a number of guarantees for foreign investors. In particular, it provides that all rights acquired through the investment of capital in the country will not be restricted by law. Foreign investors are guaranteed the unimpeded transfer and repatriation of profits and invested capital.

The obligations of a registered legal entity in the Republic of Serbia do not depend on the composition and share of the participants and will be regulated in accordance with the legislation of the Republic of Serbia.

The German side gives priority to compliance with tax obligations. In general, there are no restrictions in the country on the opening of companies with foreign participation within the framework of the organizational and legal form of Germany. The tax sphere is regulated by the Tax Collection Act (Abgabenordnung), the Corporate Tax Act (Körperschaftssteuergesetz), and the Income Tax Act (Einkommensteuergesetz) and other national ABAs and EU legislation.

All companies operating in Saudi Arabia, regardless of the form of government, must be guided by the national legislation of the KSA. Obligations for foreign companies can be found at the following links: 1. KSA Law on Companies - https://mci.gov.sa/en/Regulations/Pages/details.aspx?lawId=07140004-6a05-48e3-bb04-a8250094bb85 2. Instruction for foreign strategic investors owning listed companies in the KSA - https://cma.org.sa/en/RulesRegulations/Regulations/Documents/Instructions-FSI-Ownership-Listed-Companies-en.pdf

In the case of a Kazakhstani company owning a majority stake in a foreign company, its obligations come from international regulations and UK legislation, primarily relating to the requirements for the provision of annual tax and financial statements for foreign companies registered in the UK. In addition, all companies are required to have a director, conduct records in the language of the country of registration, and notify the authorities of all changes in the company and its statutory registers.

The law does not impose on the state any other additional obligations in the event that a Kazakhstani company owns a majority stake in a Georgian company.

Tax on withholding income in the Kyrgyz Republic received by a foreign country from an organisation not affiliated with a permanent establishment refers to a national tax. Tax on income received by a foreign organisation from the source of income in the Kyrgyz Republic not affiliated with a permanent establishment in the Kyrgyz Republic, calculated and withheld by the tax agent paying income to the foreign organisation, with each payment of income at rates and in the order, established by Article 223 of the Tax Code of the Kyrgyz Republic. The tax agent is an organization or individual entrepreneur, paying income to a foreign entity not related to a permanent institution in the Kyrgyz Republic. To transfer the budget written up by the tax agent of the amounts of withheld tax on income, received by a foreign organisation from a source of income in the Kyrgyz Republic, not related to a permanent establishment in the Kyrgyz Republic, made up to of the day following the 20th day of the month following the month in which it occurs income under the terms of Article 168 of the Tax Code. At the same time, the tax agent submits a tax report to the tax authority. On the income of a foreign organisation received from a source in the Kyrgyz Republic, not related to a permanent establishment (FORM STI -108) no later than the day following the 20th of the month following the month in which the payment of income is made. Income received by a foreign entity not related to a permanent institution in the Kyrgyz Republic, from sources in the Kyrgyz Republic, is subject to taxation by tax agents at the source of payment of income without deductions at the following rates:

1) dividends and interest income - 10 per cent, except interest income, received from securities listed on the Stock Exchange of the Kyrgyz Republic Republics in the highest and next to the highest categories of listing;

2) insurance payments received:

a) under insurance or reinsurance contracts, except for compulsory insurance contracts - 5 per cent;

b) under compulsory insurance or reinsurance contracts for compulsory risk insurance, 10 per cent;

3) royalties, royalties - 10 per cent;

4) works and services - 10 per cent;

5) telecommunication or transport services in international communications, and transportation between the Kyrgyz Republic and other states - 5 per cent.

Withholding taxes apply regardless of whether payment is inside or outside the Kyrgyz Republic.

A foreign company, like a local one operating in France, is subject to French laws governing commercial activities in a particular area. It is worth noting that investors in the field of IT must undergo the registration procedure through the French Tech program, which is a state instrument and operator in the field of high technologies. First, it is necessary to obtain the appropriate visa, which is divided into three categories depending on how the investment in the sector takes place: direct, through the company that the investor manages, or through the company in which he owns 30% of the authorized capital.

The number of employees is determined at the time of negotiations with the supervisory authority, but most often does not have any specific percentage compared to local employees. The most important thing is the very fact of creating jobs, meeting the criteria of French Tech and following the law. For more information, please visit: https://lafrenchtech.com/en/ https://www.welcometofrance.com/en/le-detachement-des-travailleurs-etrangers-en-france https://www.expatica.com/fr/working/employment-law/french-labor-laws-104533/#tax

In Portugal, there are no restrictions on attracting foreign capital. The basic principle laid down in the regulatory framework is non-discrimination of investments on the basis of the country of origin. Also, there are no restrictions on the repatriation of profits or dividends (permissible after-tax payments). The rules governing foreign investment are similar to those applicable to domestic investment. Holders of a Portuguese company who are not residents of Portugal must obtain a Portuguese NIF (Número de Identificação Fiscal) or NIPC Legal Entity Identification Number (Número de Identificação de Pessoa Colectiva) for tax purposes. In addition, foreign companies that reside in non-EU countries will be required to appoint a natural or legal person residing in Portugal for the purpose of representation and fulfilment of obligations to the Portuguese tax authorities.

In accordance with the Law of Japan on Foreign Economic Activity and Foreign Trade: (Notification and recommendations of change with respect to direct investments, etc.) Article 27 (1) If a foreign investor intends to make a direct investment, he or she must notify the Ministry of Finance of Japan and the industry authorised body in advance of the purpose, amount and time of execution of the foreign direct investment. (2) A foreign investor who has made a notification in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph in respect of inward direct investments may not make direct investments until 30 days have elapsed from the date of receipt of the notification by the Ministry of Finance and the sectoral authorized body. (3) If the Ministry of Finance of Japan and the industry authorized body deem it necessary to verify the circumstances of the investment, the review period may be extended to four months from the date of receipt of the notification if:

(i) direct domestic investment creates risks to national security and public order and can have a significant adverse impact on the smooth operation of the Japanese economy;

(ii) the investor is not a resident of countries with which Japan has concluded investment promotion agreements;

(iii) direct domestic investment is linked to foreign exchange transactions for which additional authorisations are required.

In the case of ownership by a Kazakhstani company of a majority stake in Tajikistan, it is subject to the same obligations that are provided for a Tajik resident company with a 100% participation stake, including within the framework of the tax legislation of the Republic of Tajikistan.

According to the provisions of the RI Law "On Companies" No. 40 of 2007, a foreign individual / legal entity can establish a Foreign Limited Liability Company (Perseroan Terbatas Penanaman Modal Asing, PT PMA) or a limited liability company through the creation of a joint venture with Indonesian partners (PT), in which the controlling stake remains with the Indonesian party. Companies with foreign investors are granted the same rights and obligations as local companies in Indonesia in the financial (tax) and legal spheres, including, but not limited to, the ability to build and use land, participate in local tenders and sponsor visas required for foreign employees, etc.

From June 1, 2021, amendments were made to the UAE Commercial Companies Law, allowing full foreign ownership of onshore and commercial companies. Previously, a foreign entrepreneur could own only 49% of the company. The new amendments allow for the majority and full foreign ownership of foreign investors, whose activities are not subject to restrictions. The amendments also abolish the requirement for foreign onshore companies to work with the need to appoint a UAE citizen as a local agent (sponsor). The Department of Economic Development of each emirate determines the types of business activities open to 100% foreign ownership. At the same time, restrictions on foreign ownership remain in relation to companies engaged in activities of strategic importance, as defined by the UAE Council of Ministers. Companies engaged in such activities will be subject to local ownership requirements and participation in the Board of Directors, which will be determined by the UAE Council of Ministers. In terms of company registration, wholly foreign companies will not be subject to higher fees or have a higher guarantee or share capital requirements than in the case of a UAE-owned or part-owned company. The law also provides flexible powers to the relevant Department of Economic Development in each emirate, and each Department will be able to grant exemptions for the establishment of companies carrying out projects that local authorities consider significant for the UAE market.

A Swiss company must identify not only its direct shareholders but also controlling persons for the purposes of anti-money laundering legislation. This data is stored by the director of the company and is not currently public. When paying dividends from a Swiss company in favour of a majority Kazakh company, as a rule, the withholding tax can be reduced from 35% to 5% on the basis of a tax convention for the avoidance of double taxation (either through the procedure of preliminary approval or through the return of overpaid tax from the Swiss budget)

Responsibility is determined by the form of ownership of the enterprise (LLC, individual enterprise, joint-stock company, farm, cooperative society). The main responsibility lies with the members of the management board of the enterprise or the person who, on behalf of the shareholders, signed the legal documents. The most common form of ownership is an LLC, shareholders are responsible only for the authorised capital. In case of malicious non-payment of taxes (over 25 thousand euros), a criminal case may be initiated, within the framework of which the responsibility of each participant of the enterprise will be determined.

In the case of a Kazakh company owning a majority stake in a Hungarian company, its obligations will directly depend on the wishes of the parties and the conditions that they both require and offer during the signing of the contract between the two parties.

- the provision by the company of annual financial statements that have been audited; - maintenance of accounting records and other records that sufficiently explain the operations and financial position of the company; - provision of the necessary statutory forms and documents; - employment of the indigenous population of Malaysia (the requirements for this indicator are changing dynamically in the context of the CVI pandemic, the threshold value at the moment is 30% of the company's staff); - Maintenance of proper books, records and minutes, etc.

Foreign companies cannot have a majority stake in companies opened in Kuwait. According to local legislation, when registering a company in Kuwait, a 51% share must be given to a Kuwaiti citizen, even if he is not a co-founder. Foreign citizens and companies can own a share of no more than 49%. Profits from the activity are distributed accordingly. 51% of the profits are due to a Kuwaiti citizen, even if he does not take part in the activities of the company.

All companies established in India must comply with the rules and regulations established by the government. This applies regardless of whether the companies own Indian or foreign legal entities or citizens. The only difference between the two is that foreign-owned subsidiaries have more rules and regulations to consider compared to companies owned by India. A foreign subsidiary is any company in which 50% or more of the shares are owned by a company registered in another foreign country. The specified foreign company in this case is called a holding or parent company. In order for a company to be a foreign subsidiary in India, the company itself must be registered in India. It does not matter in which country the parent company is registered. Compliance is based on many aspects of a company's operations. It is necessary to understand what all the requirements must be met depending on the type of registered company, the industry of activity, annual turnover and number of employees. A foreign company is defined under section 2 (42) of the Companies Act 2013, such a company must comply with the regulations and rules established under several laws and regulations, such as:

- Companies Act 2013, Income Tax Act 1961 - GST (VAT) 2017

- Rules and Regulations of the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI)

- FEMA (Foreign Exchange Management Act) 1999

- Reserve Bank of India (RBI) compliance, etc.

Basic regulatory requirements. The following are the most important requirements that a foreign subsidiary must meet under sections 380 and 381 of the Companies Act 2013:

- Form FC-1 according to section 380. Form FC-1 is important as it must be filed within thirty days of the incorporation of the subsidiary in India. The form does not have to be submitted alone, it must be accompanied by the necessary files, certificates, etc. from other regulatory authorities in India such as the RBI.

- Form FC-3 under Section 380, which must be sent to the relevant Registrar of Companies (ROC) depending on where the company is incorporated in India. The form should contain details of the areas in which the company will conduct operations, as well as the company's financial statements.

- Form FC-4 under section 381: This form deals with the annual accounts of the company. It must be submitted within sixty days of the end of the previous financial year.

- Financial statements. The company must provide financial statements on its business and activities in India. It must be submitted within six months of the end of the financial year. They should contain:

- money transfer reports

- repatriated income reports

- related party transaction reports such as sales, property transfer, purchase reports, etc.

- Account Audit: All accounts of a foreign subsidiary must be audited by a practising Chartered Accountant. These accounts must be properly compiled and provided by the company for audit.

- Authentication and translation of documents:

All documents that a company submits to Registrars of Companies (ROC) must be confirmed by a practising lawyer in India. These documents must also be translated into English before they can be checked and submitted.

Compliance with the Income Tax Act and the Goods and Services Tax Act.

Depending on the frequency of compliance, there are three types of compliance:

- Periodic compliance: Periodic compliances are conformities that a company must comply with on a periodic basis. Unlike annual compliance, this type of match occurs at regular intervals several times a year. These requirements may be required quarterly or semi-annually.

- Annual compliance: Annual compliance is compliance that must be met once a year. Every year, the company must necessarily meet these requirements. For example, a company must annually do the following: - Filing GST - Filing TDS (Withholding Tax Deduction) under the Income Tax Act - Compliance with RBI Requirements - Compliance with SEBI Rules and Regulations - Annual Financial Statements

- Event-based compliance: As mentioned earlier, there are three types of matching; one of them is eventful. This means that these matches are only required in the event of a specific event or company action. • In accordance with RBI and FEMA rules, there are two event-based correspondences:

• FC-TRS: This applies to the transfer of shares of a foreign subsidiary between a resident Indian and a non-resident investor or vice versa. Such a transfer may be effected by sale or gift. The foreign direct investment policy requires that such a transaction be reported within sixty days from the date of transfer. The obligation to complete this form is imposed on the resident of India or the invested company, as the case may be. This is regardless of whether a resident of India is an interpreter or a recipient.

• FC-GPR: This applies to money transfers received by shareholders of a foreign subsidiary. The form indicates the method of transfer of funds by the company to its shareholders.

The importance of regulatory compliance.

A foreign subsidiary must comply with all the requirements, as failure to comply with them can have serious consequences. Failure to comply with the necessary requirements may result in the imposition of a fine on the company, and the imposition of fines, and may also lead to criminal charges with imprisonment in accordance with the relevant provisions of the applicable law(s). The following are the penalties that may be imposed on a company for non-compliance with its requirements, in accordance with section 392 of the Companies Act 2013 (effective April 1, 2014):

- Notwithstanding the provisions of Section 391, if it is found that a foreign company has violated any provisions of Chapter XXII of the Act, the company will be liable to a fine of Rs 100,000 to Rs 300,000. If the offence continues, a fine of Rs 50,000 will be added for each day.

- Every official of a foreign company who fails to meet his obligations is liable to imprisonment for up to 6 months and/or a fine of at least Rs 25,000, which may be increased to Rs 500,000. It is important for a company to comply with all of its regulatory requirements to ensure that it can continue its business operations properly without government interference.

The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Bulgaria provides the following reference on this subject: https://www.investbg.government.bg/bg/pages/starting-a-business-106.html

In accordance with Law No. 4875 on Foreign Direct Investment, published in the Official Gazette of Turkey dated 17.06.2003, the Investment Law abolished the obligation to obtain permission and approval for transactions conducted by foreign capital companies, especially when establishing companies and branches of foreign capital, when increasing capital and transferring shares. The law obliges to provide information about these transactions on an annual or transactional basis. Information on the capital and its activities annually until the end of May; also, information on capital payments and share turnover must be reported to the General Director of the Foreign Capital Treasury within 1 month. The said company and branches must prepare the relevant forms after 01.06.2018 through the "electronic system of stimulation of foreign capital and the information system" available on the website of the Ministry of Industry and Technology.

The company registration process consists of two stages:
1. Approval of the company name
2. Company registration

Step 1: Approval of the company name

The first step to registering a company in Singapore is to select and obtain approval for the company name. The company name is approved by submitting an application to the registrar. Your registrar company will do this for you as the first step in the incorporation process.
In standard cases, approval/refusal of registration of the proposed name comes within a day. If the proposed name contains certain controversial words (for example, bank, finance, laws, union, country names, mass media, etc.), approval of the relevant state body may be required. In this case, consideration of the name application may take several days or weeks, and in very rare cases you may even be called for a personal interview.

To improve your chances of a quick title approval, make sure that the name:

1. does not match or confusingly resemble the names of any local existing companies;
2. does not infringe the copyrights of existing trademarks,
3. is not obscene or vulgar,
4. not occupied.
If approved, the title will be reserved for you for a period of 60 days from the date of submission of the application. You have the right to extend this period for another 60 days by submitting a request for an extension before the expiration date.

Step 2: Company Registration

Once the company name is approved, you can apply for company registration. If all the documents are ready and signed by the directors and shareholders, the registration process can be completed within a few days.
It is important to take into account that in rare cases (for example, there are questions about the documents provided, or the reliability of shareholders or directors inspires suspicion, etc.), the registration procedure may take longer because additional documents will be requested.

The registration of an Estonian company in the Commercial Register is mandatory. The race of the founders does not matter. Information about the founders is provided during registration. If the taxable turnover of an enterprise exceeds 40,000 euros in a calendar year, then registration of the enterprise with the Tax and Customs Department as a payer of turnover tax is required. The application for registration must be submitted within three working days from the moment when the turnover limit of 40,000 euros was exceeded. If the turnover is less, then registration is not mandatory. The alienation of the main property is not included in the taxable annual turnover. There is also no obligation to register if the entire taxable turnover relates to a taxable turnover with a zero interest rate on turnover tax. Also, non-resident employers, including individual entrepreneurs, are required to register with the Tax and Customs Department within ten working days from the occurrence of tax liability in Estonia, if they have not previously been entered in the register of taxable persons or in another register created in Estonia.

A taxpayer who is not registered in the country, that is, who does not have a registered office, place of business, or institution, is obliged to submit an application for tax registration with the Tax Service of Bratislava before the start of the activity. A foreign person does not have a certain amount of turnover or any other restrictions for registration in the country. The Tax Service of Bratislava is obliged to register a foreign person, issue him a certificate and assign him an identification number for paying taxes.
When registering as a VAT payer, a foreign person submits a completed application for VAT registration, as well as a certificate of economic activity (for example, an extract from the commercial register).
If the documents are not prepared in the state language, they must be submitted at the request of the tax administrator together with an officially certified translation into the state language. However, the tax administrator may, in agreement with the taxpayer, waive the requirement of an officially certified translation into the state language

Several different options for doing business in Italy are available thanks to a variety of reforms aimed at optimizing and simplifying the procedures necessary to open and conduct business in Italy. A business can work as an individual entrepreneur or as a company. Both organizations are regulated by the Italian Civil Code.

A person can conduct business either as an individual or by creating a new company or by buying shares/quotes in an existing company. Such opportunities are available to both European and non-European citizens.

There is a wide range of legal forms available for the creation of companies, the main of which are:

Srl ( Società a responsabilità limitata ) - limited liability company;
SPA ( Società per Azioni ) - joint stock companies (limited liability company).
The partnership is not a legal entity, although under Italian law it is still a form of company.

Main types:

Snc ( Società in nome collettivo ) - full or unlimited partnership;
Sas ( Società incommitita semplice ) is a limited partnership.
In 2017, almost half of all limited liability companies established in Italy were of the simplified type: a simplified limited liability company (Srls) is a form of "Srl" introduced to encourage young entrepreneurship thanks to a minimum authorized capital of 1 euro, up to 9,999.99 euros, no notary fees and a shorter the constituent process.

To register a company in Croatia, the following documents are required:
• the charter, which can be signed by proxy;
• copies of the passports of the founders of the new company in Croatia;
• signature samples;
• special forms from the registration office.
All procedures for registering a company in Croatia must be carried out through a notary. To open a company in Croatia, you also need to have a registered office, a bank account and hire a local accountant.
The first step in registering a company is to check the uniqueness of the name of the legal entity in the Croatian Financial Agency - FINA. To check the availability of the company name, you can use the online court register, available at: https://sudreg.pravosudje.hr/registar/f?p=150:1. If the name is available, the founders must notarize the founding agreement or the articles of association of the company together with the application for registration in court and the director's statement of consent to the appointment. All documents must be accompanied by a certified translation into Croatian.
The package of documents is transferred through a notary to the HITRO management.HR is a specially created body under the Croatian Financial Agency for effective communication between citizens and businesses with the government. This body carries out the registration of the company in the legal registers (justice) and in the National Statistical Bureau. State duty and initial replenishment of the authorized capital can be carried out in HITRO.HR .
After registration of the documents, it is necessary to open a bank account and deposit the minimum authorized capital. The company becomes a member of the Croatian Chamber of Commerce and Industry after submitting all documents.
The next step in registering a company in Croatia is to register with the tax authority as a payer of VAT, income and social tax. The application can be submitted at any administrative office of the tax service. As a result, the company receives a unique tax identification number - OIB.
The last stage is the registration of the company with the Croatian Pension Insurance Administration and the Croatian Health Insurance Administration, which must be carried out no later than 15 days after the establishment of the legal entity. The necessary documents for registering a company in Croatia consist of:
• application at the local office where registration takes place;
• a document confirming the company's registration in Croatia (certificate of registration);
• taxpayer identification number confirming that the company is a taxpayer;
• registration form for each employee you want to hire to work in the company.

Registration of a foreign company with the tax authority can be carried out online. To do this, you can register in the online service to receive the so-called F-tax, and VAT - as an employer. This service does not require a Swedish electronic identity card, it is enough to fill out the required form and send it by mail.
All the necessary information can be obtained from the following link: https://skatteverket.se/foretag/internationellt/utlandskaforetagisverige/registreraverksamhet .4.569165a01749e7ae7893042.html

Both a foreign citizen and a foreign legal entity can open a company on the territory of Serbia.

One person can open a company. It is also required that the company has at least one director (a non-resident is allowed). Before starting the registration procedure, it is necessary to: determine the name of the company and its legal address, prepare constituent documents, an office lease agreement and a photocopy of the passport.

Next, you need to open a bank account, and then transfer the documents to the APR (Agencija za Priivredne Registry - Agency for Registration of Economic Entities).
After the check, the specialist will take them to work, the registration period is seven days. Upon completion of the procedure, a document confirming the registration of a legal entity is issued, as well as a personal tax number – PIB.
Since 2018, you can apply for the opening of an LLC in electronic form.

The registration procedure is determined by the Tax Code of Turkmenistan dated October 25, 2005 (with amendments and additions as of 06/05/2021).

Registration of a foreign company with the tax authority is the last stage when starting a business in Germany after obtaining a registration number in the German Commercial Register. In particular, the Department for Business and Tax Inspection must obtain:
- Internal tax number – Steuernummer;
- European Tax Number – USt-Identnummer;
- Customs number (if necessary) – Zollnummer;
- Company identification number for insurance services – Betriebsnummer.
The procedure takes up to 4 weeks.

Foreign companies operating in Saudi Arabia must register with the General Directorate of Zakat, Taxes and Customs of the KSA.
To register a company, you will need to have a commercial registration number and a bank account, after which you need to perform the following actions:
1. Follow the link https://login.gazt.gov.sa/irj/portal?ume.logon.locale=en&login=X
2. Log in to the recipient's account on the portal.
3. Activate the registration in the excise tax and fill in the necessary data.
4. Select the details of selective goods, such as import, production, etc.
5. Fill in the necessary information.
6. After checking and submitting the application, the recipient can receive an electronic copy of the notification.
7. A confirmation message will be received to the registered phone number, the request of which will be in the process of processing.

Within 1 month after the opening of the company in the UK, a foreign company must submit to the registration chamber a completed application form OSIN01. If a foreign company has its first representative office in the UK, the company is also obliged to provide the following documents to the registration chamber:
• certified copies of the company's constituent documents (for example, certificate of registration, Charter and Constituent Assembly, etc.) with a certified translation into English (if the original documents are in a language other than English);
• a copy of the company's latest audit report with a certified translation into English (if the original documents are written in a language other than English) if a foreign company is required by the law of the country of registration to submit financial statements to the relevant authorities.
The company can be registered with the same corporate name as the parent company, or you can use another alternative name under which the company intends to conduct business in the UK. After the company is registered, the company name will be treated in the UK for legal purposes as a corporate name.
Registration fee – 20 pounds
More detailed information can be found on the website: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/register-a-uk-establishment-of-an-overseas-company-os-in01

To register a company with the tax authority, it is necessary to register the company in the Business Register of the Ministry of Justice of Georgia, where a unique identification code is assigned to the company. The state and tax registration of the company is carried out simultaneously, according to the principle of one window.

1. Tax registration of a taxpayer is carried out based on:
1) a written application of a subject for tax registration as an individual entrepreneur, peasant (farmer) farm;
2) information provided by the bodies specified in Chapter 17 of this Code, indicating that the subject should pay
tax.
2. The tax authority is obliged to make tax registration in the following terms:
1) a domestic organisation - no later than five working days following the day of applying for tax registration;
2) a foreign organisation or individual entrepreneur registered in a foreign state, carrying out activities with
the formation of a permanent establishment in the Kyrgyz Republic - no later than 5
working days following the day of occurrence of one of the grounds specified in part 1 of this Article;
3) an individual - a citizen of the Kyrgyz Republic - no later than five working days following the day of occurrence of one of the grounds specified in part 1 of this Article;
4) a foreign organisation or a non-resident individual who owns in the Kyrgyz Republic as an object of taxation - within five working days following the day of occurrence of one of the grounds specified in part 1 of this Article;
5) individual entrepreneur, peasant (farm) farms - within five working days following the day of filing the application provided for in paragraph 1 of part 1 of this Article.
3. The place of tax registration of a taxpayer is:
1) for a domestic organisation - the place of state registration as a legal entity;
2) for an individual who does not have the status of an individual entrepreneur - the place of registration by the passport data of the Kyrgyz Republic or place of residence;
3) for an individual entrepreneur, peasant (farmer) farms - the place of registration by the data of the passport of an individual entrepreneur, the location of residence or the location of entrepreneurial activity.

4. For a foreign organisation or a non-resident individual registered in a foreign state whose activities lead to the formation of a permanent establishment in the Kyrgyz Republic, the place of tax registration is:
1) place of activity in the Kyrgyz Republic;
2) the place of state registration of a representative office or branch in the judicial authorities of the Kyrgyz Republic;
3) the location of a domestic organisation representing the interests of a foreign organisation or individual entrepreneur registered in a foreign country;
4) the residence of an individual representing the interests of a foreign organisation or an individual entrepreneur registered in a foreign state.
5. For a foreign organisation whose activities do not lead to the formation of a permanent establishment in the Kyrgyz Republic, the place of tax registration is the place of action.
6. For a foreign organisation or a non-resident individual who owns taxable objects in the Kyrgyz Republic, the place of tax registration is the location or registration of the object of taxation.
If this Article provides for more than one place of registration for a taxpayer, the taxpayer has the right to choose the place of registration depending on the list of areas of registration provided for in this Article. If a taxpayer has changed their location or area of residence and is subject to registration with another tax service body, in that case, the removal from the register is carried out by the tax service body in which he or she was registered within five working days following the day when the taxpayer applies for a change of location or place of residence. Registration of a taxpayer at a new location or a new
place of residence is carried out by the tax service body based on documents received from the tax service body at the taxpayer's former location or former place of residence. Tax registration is carried out by assigning a single tax identification number to a taxpayer. If individuals have a personal identification number (PIN). The Social Fund of the Kyrgyz Republic uses this as
the taxpayer's identification tax number. The taxpayer must indicate their tax identification number in the documents submitted by the taxpayer to the tax service body, as well as in the tax reporting and the taxpayer's payment document. The taxpayer's tax identification number must be indicated by the tax authority in all documents sent to the taxpayer related to his or her tax liability and tax debt.

Taxpayer registration
The taxpayer's registration is carried out after the subject passes the tax registration procedure in the following cases:
1) for an organisation and an individual entrepreneur:
a) at the location of a separate subdivision - in the event of the emergence, liquidation or change of the location of a separate subdivision;
b) at the location of the object of taxation - when the composition of the objects of taxation changes;
2) for an individual entrepreneur operating based on a patent, in addition to the cases provided for in paragraph 1 of this
part - at the place of activity, if it is located outside the place of tax registration;
3) for an individual - at the location and/or registration of objects of taxation. To refund VAT to diplomatic and equivalent representative offices, the tax service bodies carry out their registration following the information provided by authorised state bodies following the procedure determined by the Government of the Kyrgyz Republic. The registration of a taxpayer is carried out by the tax authority based on an application and/or information provided by the authorised bodies that carry out accounting and/or registration of taxable objects.
The location of the object of taxation is recognised as:
1) for immovable property, including land - the place of their actual
location;
2) for vehicles - the place of state registration
of vehicles, and in the absence of such - the location (residence) of the owner of the property. When registering a separate subdivision, the registration application indicates the taxpayer's tax identification number - the organisation that created this separate division.

The taxpayer is obliged to apply for registration to the tax authority at
the place of registration:
1) for registration - before the start of the activity and/or within 15 calendar days following the day when the taxpayer has the object of taxation;
2) to make changes to the registration data - within 15 calendar days following the day of occurrence of such changes. Registration is carried out without changing the previously assigned taxpayer identification number. The tax authority carries out registration for registration within five working days following the day of submission of the application by the taxpayer. Upon the taxpayer's application, the tax authority issues a confirmation of the fact of registration in the prescribed form within three working days following the day of receipt of this application. In case of a change of the registration data specified in the registration card
instead of the previously issued registration card, the tax authority issues a new one with the preservation of the previous taxpayer identification number. If an individual entrepreneur or an organisation change the location, place of activity, place of residence, place of stay or location and/or registration of taxable objects within 15 calendar days following the day of this change, the taxpayer is obliged to register at the new location, place of implementation activity, place of residence, place of stay or location and/or
registration of taxable objects, indicating the previously assigned taxpayer identification number.
Exclusion from the State Register of Taxpayers of the Kyrgyz Republic:
1. The exclusion of a taxpayer from the State Register of Taxpayers of the Kyrgyz Republic is carried out in connection with the termination of tax obligations according to the information provided by the authorised bodies
and/or the application of the taxpayer or his representative for de-registration.
2. Exclusion from the State Register of Taxpayers of the Kyrgyz
Republic:
1) non-residents shall be carried out in the event of termination of the right provided
for by this Code in respect of taxable objects, such as
property rights, land use, economic management or operational
management, and fulfilment of tax obligations in the Kyrgyz Republic;
2) other entities subject to tax registration, other than those specified in
paragraph 1, shall be carried out upon departure from the Kyrgyz Republic and the execution of such
the subject of tax obligations in the Kyrgyz Republic.
3. Conditional exclusion of a taxpayer from the State Register
of Taxpayers of the Kyrgyz Republic is made if the
taxpayer complies with the signs of an inactive organisation and an individual
entrepreneur established by the authorised tax authority and does not
have a tax debt while maintaining the tax identification
number.

It all depends on the type of activity, cooperation with a local partner or the form of commercial activity.

The law provides that a person of another nationality can freely invest as a partner in an LLP or JSC. However, for foreigners and non-EU residents, the registration process is subject to strict rules. A foreigner can open a business in France, but the procedures may differ depending on nationality or place of residence. For non-EU residents, it is important to distinguish between an investor who wants to become a company shareholder and one who plans to manage it. If, as a partner who does not hold a managerial position, who is not required to be physically present on the territory of France, they do not need a residence permit. This does not apply to the supervisor, who must be present to perform his duties. Then the investor's place of residence is crucial for determining the steps needed to create a business.

Foreigners living abroad

Foreigners living abroad and wishing to open a business in France have two options: to settle permanently or to invest without moving.

Note: To set up a business in France, you must comply with the conditions related to citizenship and place of residence. It should also be noted that certain types of activities require the acquisition of special professional qualifications. In this case, for example, with regulated craft activities.

When staying in France

Once in France, you should apply for a temporary residence permit in the prefecture. A temporary residence permit is necessary for a foreigner to open a business in France. The temporary card is valid for one year, and the activities carried out must be indicated on it. The receipt will be sent to the temporary card applicant. As soon as it is received, it will have to initiate procedures related to the company's registration in the Register of Masters (RM) or the Commercial Register and the Register of Companies (RCS). When investing without the need for management and permanent presence, you will need to constantly obtain a visa to come to France at the consular department of the Embassy of the FR.

Administrative procedures: who should a foreigner contact to open a business in France?

To be able to open a business in France, a foreigner must apply for a long-term visa. The request should be sent to the French Consulate in the Republic of Kazakhstan. Obtaining this visa depends on assessing the profitability of the business project. The goal is to see if it can generate enough revenue. Therefore, presenting a viable and reliable project to the authorities is crucial. Furthermore, it should be borne in mind that the estimated payment of working time to hired employees should correspond to the minimum set value (SMIC). After that, it is necessary to apply for a residence permit (titre de sejour) in the prefecture with an indication of professional activity.

After passing all registration procedures, taxation will be formed depending on the form of the organization (LLP, sole proprietor, JSC, etc.), the number of employees, the scope of activity and financial indicators of the company.

For complete information, you should look at: www.guichet-entreprises.fr

To register with the Portuguese Tax and Customs Authority and obtain a NIPC (Número de Identificação de Pessoa Colectiva) Identification Number, a foreign company operating in Portugal or a foreign legal entity not operating in Portugal must be registered in the Central Register of Legal Entities by obtaining an RNPC certificate (Registro Nacional de Pessoas Colectivas) containing the identification number, name, nationality, type of activity to be carried out in Portugal.
To do this, you need:
- application for registration/identification of a legal entity or a subject equivalent to it in an approved form (https://www.irn.mj.pt/IRN/sections/irn/a_registral/rnpc/docs_rnpc/novos-impressos-do-rnpc/downloadFile/attachedFile_1_f0/RNPC_Mod2.pdf).
- it is mandatory to determine a representative for tax purposes (an individual or a legal entity residing in Portugal).
- a copy of the document confirming the legal existence of the organization in the country of origin during the validity period issued by the competent services, and a document confirming the position or competence of the person signing the application, accompanied by an appropriate translation made by a legitimate person for this purpose, except in cases where the documents are written in English, French or Spanish;
- a copy of the identity document.
The application can be made through the website of the Electronic Government of Portugal (https://eportugal.gov.pt /).

A notification of the establishment of a company in the prescribed form is submitted to the National Tax Agency.
https://www.nta.go.jp/english/Guidelines.htm
A notification of the prescribed form of registration is also submitted to the local tax authority.

To obtain a taxpayer identification number, a foreign legal entity must submit to the Main Tax Administration of the Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Indonesia (MF RI), including online on the website https://www.pajak.go.id, the following documents:
1) completed tax registration form;
2) a copy of the constituent act;
3) a copy of the passports of foreign founders;
4) a copy of the work permit of foreign founders;
5) confirmation of the location of the office (issued by local executive bodies);
6) a copy of the bank account.
Additional documents may be requested at the Main Tax Administration of the MF RI. The terms of registration with the tax authority are not disclosed. However, according to representatives of the MF RI, registration usually takes up to 5 working days.

Following the Law of the Republic of Tatarstan dated May 19, 2009, "On State Registration of Legal Entities and individual entrepreneurs", state registration of legal entities (including foreign ones), their branches and representative offices, as well as individual entrepreneurs is carried out by the tax authority.
To facilitate the process of business registration, the Government of the Republic of Tajikistan has organized state registration on the principle of "Single Window", which is carried out by all tax authorities at the national, regional and district levels.
The following documents must be submitted for registration:
• application for state registration in the prescribed form.
The application must specify:
the legal form of the legal entity;
company name in the official language;
location of a foreign company;
the method of formation of a legal entity (creation or reorganization), information about the founder and head of the legal entity;
the primary type of business activity).
• resolution of the founders on establishing a legal entity (with the signatures of the founders).

It is possible to register as a tax group in the UAE and be treated as a single taxable entity for VAT purposes. Two or more organisations can apply for grouping if they have businesses in the UAE and the relevant ownership and control requirements are met. Registration for VAT purposes is carried out through the Federal Tax Administration. At the same time, no federal corporate or income tax is levied in the UAE.

No separate tax registration is required (except VAT). The tax number is assigned by the cantonal authorities during the company registration process. Separate registration is required for VAT – this can be done online or by submitting a special registration form.

Companies are registered in the Register of Enterprises of Latvia (Latvijas Republikas UzņĒmumu reģistrs) according to the chosen form of ownership (a branch of a foreign company can also be registered). After that, the entrepreneur electronically submits an application to the State Revenue Service of Latvia (Valsts ieņēmumu dienests) and opens an electronic cabinet (EDS system) in which he is presented with the entire list of tax services, including taxpayer registration.

All registration procedures are allowed to be carried out only through a Hungarian lawyer authorized by the state. Therefore, it is the lawyer who is present at the signing of the constituent agreement, prepares the documents, sends them to the "Registration Chamber", and is responsible for the correctness of filling out the forms and the accuracy of the information. 
To fully register a company, it must be registered with the Hungarian Tax Service. After sending the application to the company's tax service, a unique tax number (Adószám) is allocated. To obtain a taxpayer identification number, it is also necessary to register the company in the social insurance system. Applications must be submitted in Hungarian.
An important caveat: Registering a company with the tax service will not be possible if a shareholder or director with more than 50% of the votes has a tax debt of more than 15 million forints (about 43 thousand euros).
On a note: Since January 2017, due to the new legislation, the income tax rate has been 9%, which is the lowest in the European Union. Dividends are not taxable unless they were received from a controlled foreign company.

Every foreign company wishing to do business in Malaysia must register as a foreign company following the Companies Act of 2016 (Companies Act 2016) with the Malaysian Companies Commission (Registrar). A foreign company registered under the Companies Act is usually referred to as a "branch".

The branch registration process begins with submitting a name search application to the Registrar on Form 13A along with payment (about USD 12) for each name to check if the name claimed for the company is available. It is necessary that the name registered by the company in Malaysia coincides with the name used by the company in a foreign country.

Registration of the company can be made in person at one of the offices of the Department of Internal Revenue of Malaysia and/or online by an appointed licensed secretary of the company (without the need to come to Malaysia). To do this, you need:
1. Go to the official website of the Department of Internal Revenue of Malaysia (http://www.hasil.gov.my/index.php );
2. Fill out and attach the registration form;
3. After successful submission, the applicant will be assigned an application number or registration number within three days, which will be required to check the status of the application and provide supporting documents.
Within 30 days from the date of name approval, companies must submit the following information to the Registrar:
1. The name, identification data, citizenship and habitual residence of each shareholder in Malaysia, and if any of these persons is a legal entity – the company name, place of registration or place of origin, registration number and registered office of the legal entity.
2. Name, identification, nationality and habitual residence of each person appointed as a director of a foreign company in Malaysia.
3. The list of its shareholders or members at the place of its origin.
4. In the case of a foreign company with an authorized capital, information on the class and number of shares at its place of origin.
5. Name and address of a person who is a resident of Malaysia who a foreign company appoints as its agent on the basis of a memorandum of appointment or power of attorney;
6. Statement of the agent of a foreign company confirming his/her consent to the appointment.

This process also requires additional registration documents described below. In addition, these documents require certified translations of documents into Malaysian (Bahasa) or English. These include:
1. A certified copy of the certificate of establishment or registration of a foreign company.
2. A certified copy of the Statutory Memorandum or other document defining its constitution, if any.
3. A copy of the statement and the reservation about the presence of names.
4. A copy of the email notification of the name reservation approval.
5. Registration fee is charged for the registration of foreign companies in Malaysia. The fee is determined based on the amount of the authorized capital. If a foreign company does not register the authorized capital, a fixed rate of about USD 17,000 is paid to the registrar as a registration fee.
6. A notice of registration of a foreign company will be issued within one business day by the registrar after compliance with the procedures and submission of duly completed documents. The registrar gives the certificate of registration of a foreign company after payment of the prescribed fee.
7. A branch is considered and taxed as a non-resident company. Therefore, it is not eligible for any local tax benefits/incentives.
8. The branch's profit tax rate is 24%.

The procedure for registering a company in Kuwait includes:

1) preparation of the necessary identification documents for all participants of the company (organisational structure, type of activity, charter),

2) obtaining permits, depending on the type of activity in the Chamber of Commerce and Industry,

3) submit an application to the Department of Certification and Tax Patents for obtaining a license.

Any foreign company can open its commercial enterprise in India by filling out the FC-1 electronic form (information submitted by a foreign company).
Note. The electronic form must be digitally signed by an authorized foreign company representative. There is no need for foreign company directors to submit and receive a Director Identification Number (DIN). However, it is necessary to register a Digital Signature Certificate (DSA) of an authorized representative of a foreign company through the associated DSC service available on the portal of the Ministry of Corporate Affairs of India.
https://www.mca.gov.in/mcafoportal/spiceService.do 

Additional information is available on the official website of the Ministry of Corporate Affairs of India. https://www.mca.gov.in/content/mca/global/en/home.html
See also:
Reserve Bank of India - Notifications (rbi.org.in)
http://www.legalservicesindia.com/article/1946/Establishment-of-Foreign-Entity-in-India.html

The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Bulgaria has provided the following link on this issue: https://www.investbg.government.bg/bg/pages/2-registration-of-a-company-175.html

To register a foreign company with the tax inspectorate, it is necessary to obtain a tax number. A potential tax number is required for non-Turkish partners of the company and members of the board of directors who are not Turkish citizens. The identification number of a possible tax for foreigners is collected online through the interactive tax service without visiting the tax inspectorate. Persons who are not citizens of the Republic of Turkey can request the identification number of a potential tax in the online tax office. http://ivd.gib.gov.tr executes through the program. A possible tax identification number is compiled electronically, and the official document assigned to it is submitted through this application. Thus, persons who are not citizens of the Republic of Turkey are no longer required to apply to the tax authorities to obtain a potential tax identification number.

Singapore is the global financial capital, so companies have a large selection of banks to open accounts. In addition, most banks in Singapore offer attractive features such as multi-currency accounts, internet banking, credit cards, trade finance, freedom of movement of funds between countries and much more. 
Opening a corporate bank account in Singapore is a relatively straightforward procedure. However, it is crucial to remember that the requirements for opening bank accounts and the terms of account servicing vary from bank to bank. In addition, priority in opening corporate bank accounts is given to legal entities officially registered in Singapore. There is also a practice of refusing to open personal and other accounts for CIS citizens who arrived on a tourist visa.   

To get started, you need a legal entity in Singapore. There are various forms of legal entities in Singapore. For foreigners who want to open a business in Singapore, the form of a Private Limited Company is optimal. 
After successfully registering your company in Singapore, you can open a corporate bank account in one of the leading banks in Singapore (HSBC, Standard Chartered, Citibank, DBS, OCBC, UOB, etc.). 

List of required documents for opening a bank account:
1. Business profile of the company (BizFile): must be certified by the company secretary or one of the directors.
2. Company Constitution: must be certified by the company secretary or one of the directors.
3. Personal presence of the local Director and his Singapore Resident Identity Card (IC)
4. Personal presence of the foreign director/directors, beneficiary/s and all signatories to the bank account with passports.
5. Certified confirmation of the residential address of all the director/directors, beneficiary/s and all signatories to the bank account.
6. Signed resolution of the Board of Directors permitting to open an account. (To be prepared by the company secretary)
7. A check for making a minimum deposit to open an account (varies from bank to bank, usually starts from 1,000 SGD or 740 USD)

All these documents must be carried with you before going to the bank because the absence of at least one document may lead to a refusal to open an account. Your registrar's company usually prepares the package of documents for opening an account.

Keep in mind that the presence of a legal entity in Singapore does not guarantee to open a bank account. What is the reason for this? Foreign companies carry significantly more significant risks for banks than local businesses, leading to severe fines and even revocation of licenses. Therefore, banks impose increased requirements on companies with foreign directors or shareholders in their structure. In addition to the list of standard documents, the bank must verify the source of your funds and conduct a KYC on all directors and shareholders.
 
What factors significantly increase the chances of opening a bank account:
- the presence of a similar business in other countries,
- the proven experience of directors and shareholders in the company's field of activity,
- a competent resume in business English of the company's shareholders and shareholders,
the presence of the company's website,
- the presence of contracts/agreements of intent with potential clients and partners,
- availability of invoices and payment confirmations (for existing businesses in other countries)
- availability of business clients/partners in Singapore 

Opening a corporate bank account can take two weeks to two months, depending on the selected bank. It will also take about two to three more weeks to issue and send bank tokens, a chequebook, a debit card and passwords.
Making a minimum deposit to the account
 
After opening a bank account, you need to make a minimum deposit to the account within three working days, according to the conditions of the selected bank. In most cases, banks require the provision of a check for the deposit amount during the interview process, along with all other documents on the company.

To open a bank account, an enterprise must confirm its explicit connection with Estonia and justify the reason for opening an account. If the company is registered in Estonia but operates independently of the location, the bank analyzes the company's previous experience and its customers. You may also need to submit a business plan. It is also necessary to apply (the most detailed information is required for the bank to make a balanced decision), copies of passports of members of the management board and actual beneficiaries (the share of participation is more than 25%), a detailed overview of the ownership structure, up to the final beneficiaries (in the case of a more complex system, the bank requests additional information), an account statement for the last 12 months. After obtaining consent to open an account, a visit to the bank's representative office is required to identify the identity and sign the client agreement.

You need to provide a passport and a residence permit in Slovakia (in case of registration of a bank account in the company's name, you need to provide the registration and tax number of the company).

1. Receipt of the fiscal code (Codice fiscale) from the local tax authority.
2. Contacting the bank of interest.

To open a corporate bank account, constituent documents, registration certificates from the judicial authorities, a decision on the appointment of a director and his assumption of office, and data on the founders are required. After filling out the necessary forms in the bank and checking (compliance) of the founders and the director, the bank opens an account for a legal entity.

To do this, you need:
1) register your company on the website - https://www.verksamt.se / (created by four government agencies, namely the Swedish Companies Registration Office, the Swedish Tax Agency, the Swedish Agency for Economic and Regional Growth and the Swedish State Employment Agency).
2) apply to any suitable bank to deposit the authorized capital (25,000 SEK- about 2,500 euros) and obtain bank account details.
All necessary information can be obtained from the following link: https://www.verksamt.se/

The opening of a corporate account takes from one week after the provision of a complete package of documentation.
It is possible to open an account in the Bank of Serbia remotely (only for corporate clients).
A personal account requires a personal visit to the bank.

The opening of a bank account for a company is carried out by its head or one of the founders after signing the constituent documents with a German notary.
The bank must provide a passport, a visa, and the company's constituent documents certified by a notary.

The bank account is regulated by the regulatory act "Regulations on the Bank Account". Approved by the Order of the Chairman of the Board of the Central Bank of Turkmenistan dated April 25, 2006.

Recently, several banks in Saudi Arabia have been providing services through which institutions and companies can open corporate bank accounts digitally without visiting a branch or providing any documents or physical signatures. However, to do this, you need to fill out an account opening form and confirm the owner's information through the "National IAM Platform" of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the KSA (Identity Access Management) - https://www.moi.gov.sa. 
To submit an online application to one of the banks in the KSA, you must have the following documents:
1. A valid email address to which you can receive notifications.
2. National address in KSA
3. A valid mobile and active commercial registration numbers belong to the bank account holder.
4. Have registration in the National IAM Platform to authenticate the bank account opening form.

To open a regular bank debit account in the UK and receive a bank card (the simplest type of account is usually a cash account), you must provide an identity card and a document confirming the applicant's address in the UK. As the latter, bills for electricity, water, gas, local tax, etc., are accepted, which usually come by mail and have the address and name of the applicant.

To open a bank account in Georgia, it is necessary for the director of the company to fill out a questionnaire prepared by the bank (the questionnaire is individual and mainly contains information about the source of income of the beneficial owner, information about the activities of the company, etc.), a notarized copy of the passport of the foreign founder of the beneficiary.

In accordance with the Instructions on working with Bank accounts, deposit accounts (deposits), approved by Resolution of the Board of the National Bank of the Kyrgyz Republic No. 41/12 dated October 31, 2012

First, it is necessary to have a document on the registration of a company with a specific form of commercial activity.

To open a bank account as soon as possible, you need to check with your company's bank in the Republic of Kazakhstan whether it belongs to a group with subsidiaries (practising or partnering with a banking network in France). French banks are investigating to combat money laundering and any other illegal activity. Therefore, financial statements should be as transparent and understandable as possible.
Getting a list of necessary documents from the bank for submission and going through all the procedures is essential.

Foreign citizens (individuals) and foreign companies (legal entities) or their representative offices opened in Belarus have the right to open a bank account. Furthermore, a non-resident from any foreign country has the right to apply to the bank with a request to open an account in Belarusian rubles and any foreign currency. At the same time, the Belarusian bank has the right to refuse to open an account with a non-resident.
Types of bank accounts that a non-resident can open in Belarus
A non—resident can open two main types of accounts:
— current (settlement) account
- accounts for the accounting of the deposit (deposit).
In Belarus, there are no restrictions on the types of transactions on accounts opened to legal entities, which significantly expands the possibilities of their use. In particular, non-resident companies can perform currency exchange operations and dealings with securities.
For foreign citizens, there is a closed list of possibilities for using an account in a Belarusian bank:
— depositing and withdrawing foreign currency
— transfers to their accounts in foreign currency
— money transfers to individuals outside and from outside the Republic of Belarus that are not related to settlements on foreign exchange transactions
— settlements on currency transactions with residents or non-residents of Belarus
Procedure for opening an account of non-residents of Belarus
Any non-resident company or citizen can apply to the bank with a request to open an account. Based on the results of consideration of the package of documents and the questionnaire, the bank decides to open an account or refuse to open an account for a foreign company. For a preliminary analysis of the possibility of opening a statement, a non-resident company provides the following documents to the bank:
— questionnaire indicating the type of activity, the founders' composition, the size of the authorized fund, location, etc.
- the source of origin of funds of a non—resident company (from which type of business received)
- a document on the legal status of the organization
— the purpose of opening an account in Belarus
To open an account, a non-resident must submit:
An application for opening an account (to be filled in directly at the bank);
copies of documents proving the legal status of the company by the legislation of the country where the non-resident is established (these may be copies of the charter, the founding agreement or other documents);
extract from the commercial register of the country of establishment of a non-resident, certificate of registration of the organization or additional copies of documents confirming the registration of a legal entity;
documents confirming the authority of persons to manage the account (protocols, decisions, orders, contracts);
a card with samples of signatures of persons entitled to manage the account and an impression of the seal of the account holder (issued at the bank);
an identity document – for an individual applying to the bank on behalf of a legal entity.
All documents to open an account must be translated into one of the official languages (Belarusian or Russian). The translator's signature, a card with signature samples, and copies of the identity card must be certified by a notary. In addition, all documents must be certified with an Apostille stamp.
Its director acts on behalf of a foreign company when opening an account in Belarus. An alternative option for representing the interests of a non-resident in a bank may be a person authorized by a power of attorney. A power of attorney on behalf of an individual and a legal entity must be notarized and legalized by the established procedure.

Most second-tier banks in Portugal need the following documents to open a bank account.
- NIF Taxpayer Identification Number (Número de Identificação Fiscal) or NIPC Legal Entity Identification Number (Número de Identificação de Pessoa Colectiva);
- proof of income and residence in Portugal;
- company registration documents;
- confirmation of the address and phone number;
- a document certifying the identity of the owner of the company.

Step 1. Preparation.  
Make sure that your business has a clear Internet presence, a landline phone number, sufficient capital, a clear business plan, and proof of business (invoices, receipts, etc.).
Step 2: Documents. 
Submit your application and collect all the documents you need for the initial application. Then, visit the bank's website to familiarize yourself with the bank's requirements for documents that often request a photocopy of the director/representative's identity card, the director/representative's seal, the company's seal certificate, the company's constituent documents, the corporation's business plan confirming the existence of the company—works, etc.
Step 3: Filling out and sending the application.
The application form will need to be filled out in Japanese.
Step 4: Solution.
The bank checks the documents for one to two weeks.  
Step 5: Personal meeting at the bank.
After checking the documents, the bank sets the date of reception. Next, it is necessary to submit the company's founding agreement, the company seal, the director's seal and the director's identity card. At this stage, the bank may ask you a few business-related questions.
Step 6: Bank documents are sent to the company's registered address.
The process is completed when the bank documents (bank card, savings book, contract and other related bank documents) are delivered to the company's registered address.

To open a bank account, the applicant provides the following documents to a credit financial institution for a client who is a resident and non-resident legal entity, a branch and their representative office:

Application for opening an account;

a copy of the document issued by the tax authority - certificate of state registration; extract from the unified state Register of legal entities; information certificate;

notification of assignment of a taxpayer identification number. 

In addition, for a client who is a branch and representative office of non-residents, the following documents must be submitted additionally: a power of attorney issued by a non-resident legal entity to the head of the branch or representative office in the state language, certified by the legal entity itself; a copy of the permission (or petition) of the authorized body of the non-resident country to open an account in a foreign country, which must be legalized at the Embassy (Consulate) Of the Republic of Tajikistan in the Republic of Kazakhstan or at the Embassy (Consulate) Of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the Republic of Tajikistan.

The process of opening a bank account in Indonesia is regulated by each banking institution individually.
In most cases, the following documents are requested:
- from individuals:
• valid passport;
• valid visa;
• proof of residence (domicile letter) (issued by local executive authorities);
• details of the contact person in the host country.

- from legal entities:
• a copy of the constituent act;
• a copy of the charter of the organization;
• a copy of the passports of foreign founders;
• a copy of the work permit of foreign founders;
• confirmation of the location of the office (issued by local executive bodies).

A bank account in the UAE for a foreign onshore or offshore company can be opened without any special restrictions. At the same time, opening a corporate bank varies from bank to bank but usually requires the presence of a majority shareholder or the head of the company. The first step to opening a bank account is to fill out an application for opening an account, which must be supported by the company's constituent and statutory documents. Also, the list of documents may include a license, invoices, resident visas, passports, etc.

When opening a company in Switzerland, a particular bank account is opened for it even before the registration itself, and the required amount of authorized capital must be credited to it (for example, CHF 50 000 - 100 000 for AG, and CHF 10 000 - 20 000 for GmbH). The account must be opened only in a Swiss bank, and only if there is a supporting certificate from the bank you can submit documents for company registration.
Opening a bank account requires going through the bank's compliance procedures, including anti-laundering checks against the company's controlling persons. It is also required to provide a full package of documents on the shareholders of the future company, as well as draft statutory documents.

To open an account for a legal entity, an application is required (it is possible in electronic form), in which a questionnaire is filled out (company name, form of ownership, field of activity, shareholders, data on the presence of links with politicians, data on the legality of origin). For an individual, it is also an application and a questionnaire, but in a simplified form.

To open a bank account in Hungary for a non-resident for his company, it is necessary:
•    Firstly, to confirm the identity by submitting the originals of the relevant documents (passport, passport, document confirming permanent residence);
•    Secondly, provide notarized copies of the charter translated into Hungarian, as well as a copy of the company's registration certificate;
• Third, submit documents with information about the shareholder/beneficiary (proof of wealth, resume, bank statement);
•    Fourth, provide bank account statements, invoices, and contracts with counterparties;
One of the largest commercial banks in Hungary is OTP Bank Group. Other large and popular banks in Hungary:
Bank name    The cost of opening an account 
K&H Bank 450 euros
ICD Bank 1690 euros
RaiffeisenBank 1690 euro
KDB Bank Europe 450 euros
OTP BANK 1690 euros

1. Choosing a bank (traditional or Islamic), collecting and submitting the necessary documents (passport, valid visa, a letter from the employer, completed bank form for opening an account, if a foreign person is not employed, a letter of recommendation from another bank client is required);
2. Checking the credit rating and vulnerability of the person by the bank (citizens of Israel, Iran, Iraq and Serbia are prohibited from opening bank accounts in Malaysia);
3. Letter of Business Partnership: If you jointly own a business in Malaysia with a Malaysian citizen as a partner, a signed letter confirming your business partnership will be accepted by the bank as an official document. Opening an account will be even easier if your business partner is already a client of this bank.
4. In rare cases, fingerprints are required by some Malaysian banks for internal accounting. Some banks will require you to show up in person and allow them to remove the stamp from your fingerprint for background checks and identity verification. 

The bank may require additional documents to confirm the existence of an account with another bank. This will allow the Bank of Malaysia to check bank cards to determine the applicant's participation eligibility. 

This list can be transferred to the bank remotely through a lawyer with a power of attorney (except for a typo of fingers). The account is opened within 1-2 weeks.

1) preparation of the necessary identification documents for all participants of the company (application, copies of "Civil ID" identity documents, salary certificates, samples of signatures of the first managers, certificate of company registration), 2) application submission, 3) account opening (five days)

India's commercial banking market is dominated by 26 public sector banks, accounting for almost 73% of total assets. In addition, there are 63 commercial banks in the private sector, 43 of which are foreign institutions. State Bank of India is the largest public sector bank in the country, while HDFC Bank is the largest private bank. In addition, international banks such as Citibank, HSBC, SCB and Barclays have also opened branches in India.
Working in India, companies can open their accounts with international banks, including HSBC and Citibank. Alternatively, they can work with well-known local banks, including HDFC and ICICI Bank. 
Opening a corporate bank account in India may not be easy. On average, it can take up to two months to obtain approval of a bank account, account number and access to Internet banking in India. The main reasons for these delays are increased due diligence requirements and, as a rule, bureaucracy.
Steps to open a corporate bank account in India.
It is necessary to provide the bank with a confirmation of the company's registration and write an application for opening a corporate bank account and attach the constituent documents: 
- application form on behalf of the company with notarized copies of passports and confirmation of addresses of all directors and shareholders; 
- a detailed business plan concerning the company to support the application for opening an account; 
- after receiving the bank's approval, an application for the provision of Internet banking services is submitted; 
After that, the company receives: 
i) login information and password for the bank account on the Internet and 
ii) corporate chequebooks and
iii) corporate cards in a sealed letter. 
The Government of India has established a regulatory regime for foreign currency exchange under the Foreign Exchange Management Act (FEMA) of 1999. According to this law, most currency transactions will be allowed unless expressly prohibited by the RBI;
In India, the rupee has full convertibility on current accounts for all purposes except for loans and investments. Thus, our clients can repatriate their funds from the country. However, all capital account transactions will be controlled by the RBI. 
Repatriation of funds from India Although the Government of India has dramatically simplified the process of repatriation of funds from the country, certain bureaucratic checks continue to operate. Thus, to transfer currency from India, companies will have to fill out certain forms and send them to the Income Tax Department, the Reserve Bank of India, and the banks where they are serviced. To repatriate their money from India, the following steps must be taken: fill out Form 15CA online on the website of the Income Tax Department, where the following information will be reflected: i) bank account details of the recipient and payer, ii) personal data of the recipient and payer, iii) the amount to be transferred, iv) the amount of tax to be deducted at Source (TDS) and v) any tax benefits (applicable under DTAA).

The Ministry of foreign affairs of Bulgaria provides an information link to the website of the Bulgarian people's bank
addresses of contacts and websites of banks, which contain information about the documents required to open a bank account: 
https://www.bnb.bg/BankSupervision/BSCreditlnstitution/BSCIRegisters/BS_CI_REG_BANKSLIST_BG

The documents required to open an account may vary from bank to bank, but there are basic documents required to open an account abroad.

* Passport of the Republic of Kazakhstan,

* The address where you live in Turkey (the original and the language of the country you are visiting must be two),

* Any account registered in your name in Kazakhstan.

The aforementioned articles are documents that do not have an entry permit, only if the country that went to open an account wants to open an account. Although they differ in each country, sending mail to the bank is enough to identify the person in their system. You can open an account online without leaving the country.

There are a lot of difficulties in obtaining work visas ("Entre Pass", "Employment Pass", see below for more details), and the Embassy cannot influence the issuance of which in any way. However, if you have an agreement with a local partner, it is possible to prepare a petition to the Singapore Foreign Ministry in order to consider the possibility of issuing a visa. However, due to the current quarantine restrictions, the practice of issuing visas has been suspended and entry is allowed only for in-demand foreign specialists.

The Embassy of the Republic of Kazakhstan is not able to provide direct assistance in obtaining visas from foreign countries by employees from the Republic of Kazakhstan, since their issuance is the prerogative of the state bodies of these countries.

The Embassy of the Republic of Kazakhstan is not able to provide direct assistance in obtaining visas from foreign countries by employees from the Republic of Kazakhstan, since their issuance is the prerogative of the state bodies of these countries.

Visas are issued only by the Embassy of Slovakia in the Republic of Kazakhstan after providing the relevant documents for an employee of a particular company (the Embassy of the Republic of Kazakhstan in Slovakia can only assist in obtaining public services to citizens of the Republic of Kazakhstan abroad).

The Embassy of the Republic of Kazakhstan in Italy may apply to the authorized bodies of Italy with a corresponding note.

The Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Croatia is authorized to issue permits to stay and work in Croatia and certificates of registration of a foreigner as an employee.
The Law on Foreigners provides that a citizen of a third country in the Republic of Croatia can work based on a residence permit and a work permit or a certificate of registration as an employee. However, the Law also provides for exceptions to this rule, allowing third-country nationals to work in the Republic of Croatia without a residence permit and work permit or work registration certificate if they have received the right to temporary residence in the Republic of Croatia approved by the authorities for family reunification with a Croatian citizen, a temporary residence for humanitarian reasons, etc.
A third country citizen can work in the Republic of Croatia only in the company and positions for which he was issued a residence permit and work permit or a certificate of registration as an employee, and only with a specific employer who was the applicant.

The task of the Embassy of Kazakhstan in the Kingdom of Sweden is to protect the rights and interests of the Republic of Kazakhstan, its citizens and legal entities abroad. Accordingly, the Consular department of the Embassy carries out activities on citizenship, international adoption, legalization and apostille, document collection, visa issuance, civil registration, documentation, consular registration of citizens of the Republic of Kazakhstan and other consular actions.

The issuance of visas for this category of persons is carried out in the diplomatic missions of Germany operating on the territory of Kazakhstan. It is regulated by federal legislation and internal instructions. Within its competence, the Embassy of the Republic of Kazakhstan in Germany can provide indirect assistance. The decision on issuing visas and admission to the territory of Germany is made exclusively by the German side.

The Embassy of the Republic of Kazakhstan in Turkmenistan may apply in writing to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the State Migration Service of Turkmenistan in case of receipt of an official letter from the Investment Committee of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Kazakhstan.

The Embassy of the Republic of Kazakhstan performs functions only for issuing visas of the Republic of Kazakhstan and does not assist citizens of the Republic of Kazakhstan in obtaining foreign permits.
However, citizens of the Republic of Kazakhstan can independently obtain a Saudi visa in the following way:
1. Since 2019, citizens of the Republic of Kazakhstan can get a tourist multiple-entry visa to Saudi Arabia online at the link https://visa .visitsaudi.com / or upon arrival at the airports of Riyadh, Jeddah, Medina and Dammam, as well as at the border points of the King Fahd Highway (Bahrain) and Al-Batha (near Qatar). This visa allows citizens of the Republic of Kazakhstan to stay in the KSA for up to 90 days during the year.
2. Work visas can be obtained at the Embassy of Saudi Arabia in Kazakhstan.

The issues of registration of British visas belong to the exclusive jurisdiction of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the United Kingdom. The Embassy of the Republic of Kazakhstan has no opportunity to assist in this matter.

Due to the fact that the host country is a visa-free country, visa support is not required for our citizens.

In most diplomatic missions and consular offices of foreign countries, the procedure for individual treatment of applicants for obtaining labour, immigration, etc., is provided. Categories of visas. In this regard, the Embassy can only individually send written requests regarding citizens of the Republic of Kazakhstan to foreign diplomatic missions and consular offices of foreign countries accredited in the host state. In addition, a consular USD 25 fee is provided for issuing verbal notes to obtain visas.

Visa requests are submitted to the consular department of the Embassy of France in Kazakhstan, in the city of Nur-sultan. The Embassy of the Republic of Kazakhstan in France does not issue Schengen visas and cannot influence the decision-making process of the French representatives of the visa department.

For citizens of the Republic of Kazakhstan, entry to the Republic of Belarus without a visa is up to 90 days. The regime of mutual trips of citizens of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Republic of Belarus is regulated by the Agreement between the Government of the Republic of Belarus, the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan, the Government of the Kyrgyz Republic, the Government of the Russian Federation and the Government of the Republic of Tajikistan on mutual visa-free trips of citizens signed on November 30, 2000, in Minsk (entered into force on 06/07/2002). Domestic legislation of the countries. Citizens of Kazakhstan can temporarily stay on the territory of Belarus for 90 days in a calendar year (Law of the Republic of Belarus "On the Legal Status of Foreign Citizens and Stateless persons" No. 105-3 dated 04.01.2010, Article 39). The period of temporary stay is calculated from the citizen's entry date.
In addition, on 04.10.2013, an Agreement was signed between the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Government of the Republic of Belarus "On the procedure for the stay of citizens of the Parties", which allows staying without mandatory registration on the territories of the Parties for 30 days (entered into force on 29.01.2015).

The issues of issuing foreign visas are exclusively within the competence of the authorized bodies of a foreign state.

By the Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan "On Diplomatic Service", the Consular Charter of the Republic of Kazakhstan, approved by the Decree of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated April 25, 2016, No. 240, foreign institutions provide support for visas of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

Taking into account the visa-free travel regime of citizens between Kazakhstan and Tajikistan, assistance in obtaining visas for hired employees from Kazakhstan when conducting business in Tajikistan is not required.

According to the Regulations on the diplomatic and Equivalent representation of the Republic of Kazakhstan, approved by the Decree of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated February 4, 2004, No. 1287, the Embassy of the Republic of Kazakhstan promotes the maintenance of official contacts with the state authorities of the host state, including with the diplomatic mission accredited in the Republic of Kazakhstan, for the development of friendly and mutually beneficial relations in the field of economy, culture, science and other areas. However, assistance in obtaining visas for hired employees from the Republic of Kazakhstan is not provided.

There is a visa-free regime between Kazakhstan and the UAE for up to 30 days. However, if the stay involves a more extended period and it is necessary to obtain an appropriate visa, you should contact the consular department of the UAE diplomatic mission located in the territory of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

Can not. Obtaining a work permit for citizens of the Republic of Kazakhstan requires a complex procedure to obtain a quota for foreign citizens (quotas are not only needed for EU citizens). To get quotas, the employer must prove to the migration authorities that he has not found a worthy employee from Switzerland for this position and that a citizen of the Republic of Kazakhstan is better suited for this position and is also a highly qualified specialist.

Visas for business and labour activity are issued by the Office of Citizenship and Migration Affairs of Latvia (Pilsonības un migrācijas lietu pārvalde) based on an application (invitation) of an enterprise officially registered in the Republic of Latvia. In addition, the Embassy can provide advisory support for opening a company in Latvia.

The Embassy of the Republic of Kazakhstan in Malaysia will provide consulting assistance in obtaining a work visa in case of involvement of employees – citizens of Kazakhstan.

Contact details of the Embassy of the Republic of Kazakhstan in Malaysia – 115, Jalan Ampang Hilir, 55000, Kuala Lumpur, tel.: +603-4252-2999, Phone of the Consular Department – +603-4251-0728

Translate all necessary documents into the host country's language, certify and legalize the necessary documents, and send letters to the migration authority to assist in issuing visas.

The ERK in RI cannot interfere in the decision-making process on applications for issuing foreign (including Indian) visas.

Hired employees from the Republic of Kazakhstan to obtain visas to Bulgaria must apply directly to the Embassy of Bulgaria or the Visa Center of the Republic of Belarus in Nur-Sultan.

Promotion of the export potential of the Republic of Kazakhstan is a priority activity of the Embassy. In this regard, in case of an official appeal to the Embassy, the Embassy is ready to assist individuals / legal entities of Kazakhstan.

In the case of the creation of a joint venture (with a majority share of RS) or a Singapore company with the participation of our product, such a company will enjoy all the rights, benefits and subsidies provided by the Government of Singapore.

Support programs are extended to local manufacturers. As a rule, these are primarily sectoral measures implemented in agriculture and energy. To receive support, an enterprise must operate and be registered in Estonia (regardless of the country of origin of the owners), as well as meet other special requirements related to each specific support measure. The presence or absence of a partner does not matter. To register a product with the Patent Department of the ER, non-residents must use the services of patent proxies (patent offices).

Equity participation of foreign persons to do business in Slovak companies is possible, and it is also possible to establish a Slovak legal entity or participate as a partner or member in an already established Slovak enterprise. In addition, a foreign person can also independently create a Slovak legal entity or become the sole shareholder of a Slovak legal entity.

Perhaps. Following the Italian Civil Code, there are no restrictions on the division of the share of a local partnership. Detailed information can be obtained: https://www.ice.it/en/invest/support.

The United States provides benefits and supports many startups through government grants. One of the criteria for the grant is the creation of a small business entity in the United States and does not depend on the participation of foreign and local partners. More information about government grants can be found on the websites https://www.usa.gov /, https://www.sba.gov and https://www.grants.gov/.

Registration of a Kazakhstani product with a local partner is possible. The product must be certified in the host country's territory and comply with the internal standards of Croatia and the EU.

It is possible to register a Kazakhstani product together with a local partner. To ensure free competition within the EU, benefits for local companies have been abolished in most cases. At the EU level, regional support programs or targeted subsidies for products produced in certain areas, for example, agriculture.

No. According to the new rules of the Ministry of Finance of the KSA on the origin of goods (dated July 5, 2021), goods produced not in the GCC countries will be considered by the customs authorities of the KSA as foreign goods. In addition, the products must have a valid certificate of origin and be shipped directly from the country of origin to the Kingdom. The resolution of the Ministry of Finance of the KSA also states that products produced by foreign companies in the free zones of the region will not be considered "local" products.

Yes, it is possible to register a Kazakhstani product together with a local partner. The registration procedure has been simplified since the UK left the EU. However, to benefit from all local benefits and support programs, a local partner must have at least a 50% stake in the company.
At the same time, foreign firms wishing to open a business in the UK can receive advice from the Ministry of International Trade (DIT) on how the company works in the United Kingdom, as well as access to analyze market opportunities and business and academic networks;
Link - https://www.gov.uk/register-as-an-overseas-company

Registration of a Kazakhstani product together with a local partner is possible. At the same time, the partner's share comes from specific bilateral agreements.

If the applicant is from the Russian Federation or Kazakhstan, then 3 components are necessary: 1. A Patent attorney from Kyrgyzstan. 2. Application. 3. Pay state fees + services of a patent attorney. 

Contacts: whatsapp/telegram +996777886666

You must be registered in Consolidated or Special Economic Zones to receive benefits and preferences. There are 6 SEZs on the territory of the Republic of Belarus, and special ones such as the Hi-Tech Park, the Chinese-Belarusian Industrial Park "Great Stone". Detailed information on the FEZ is attached.

Product registration is carried out in accordance with local legislation. In order to carry out subsequent commercial activities, it is required to determine a local representative for tax purposes (an individual or a legal entity residing in Portugal) and to fulfil obligations to the Portuguese tax authorities. Information about the share of the local partner is not specified. 
Regarding access to support programs, it should be noted that the country applies a set of measures aimed at creating jobs and using local specialists, including the provision of monthly and one-time grants, as well as exemption from deductions to social funds. Regarding the involvement of highly qualified foreign personnel, a uniform income tax rate of 20% is applied as a preference for them for ten years (which is significantly lower than the average progressive tax rate: 37%-48%).

Perhaps. Support programs mainly include information support from local authorities and authorized organisations.

Registration of a Kazakhstani product with the Tajik partner of the Republic of Tajikistan is not provided for by the legislation of the Republic of Tajikistan.

Foreign companies wishing to sell their products on the Indonesian market must appoint a local agent or distributor following the Regulations of the Ministry of Commerce of RI No. 36 of 1977 and No. 15 of 1998. In addition, any business sold through an agent or distributor must be registered in MT RI to obtain a registration certificate (Surat Tanda Pendaftaran, STP). 
According to representatives of MT RI, to use benefits and support programs for local products, the local partner must have a controlling stake in the joint venture.

A limited liability company (Limited liability company or LLC) is the most popular type of company among foreigners who have decided to operate in the domestic market of the UAE outside of special economic zones. According to the legislation of the Emirates, from 2 to 50 partners invest funds in the authorized capital of an established company. At the same time, each partner is responsible only within the framework of the payment made to the authorized capital and no more. Thus, no matter what losses such a company causes to anyone, the partners do not have to pay anything in addition. Each partner receives their share in the company according to the amount of the payment made to the authorized capital.

For most products, there are no requirements for the presence of a local partner. An exception may apply to regulated products (pharmaceuticals) or services (financial).

Yes. The legislation does not stipulate the share. The main thing is that the company's field of activity meets the criteria and conditions of support programs. It is also advantageous that a company registered in Latvia has all the rights to support EU funds and programs.

Yes, you can. The share of the local partner will depend on the agreement of the two parties. During the signing of the contract between the Hungarian and Kazakh companies representing the domestic product, both the obligations of the parties and the percentage share should be spelt out in the contract terms. In each transaction, the share percentage depends on the company's scale.

Yes, it is possible. For the IT sector, the share of a local partner should be at least 12.5%.

Possible. Its share must be at least 51%.

The software registration process is outlined https://www.investbg.government.bg/bg/pages/2-registration-of-a-company-175.html link

Anyone living in Turkey engaged in commercial activities can apply for trademark registration. In addition, individuals or legal entities of the Paris Convention participating countries residing in Turkey have the right to apply for a trademark.

Yes, they are valid, including in case of their approval with IPI Singapore (in more detail - https://www.ipi-singapore.org )

In general, they act. Estonia is guided by the rules and practices of the European Union regarding copyright.

Copyrights that have been published or created on the territory of another state are valid.
In this regard, according to the Agreement between the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Government of the Slovak Republic on Economic, Scientific and Technical Cooperation, which entered into force on March 7, 2013, copyrights for software products owned by a Kazakh company will be valid on the territory of Of the Slovak Republic.

As a member state of the Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works and a member of the World Intellectual Property Organisation for Copyright, the USA protects and recognizes copyrights to software products created by Kazakhstani companies if they have passed the appropriate initiation procedure.

In Croatia, the protection of intellectual property rights is regulated by the State Administration for the Protection of Intellectual Property (https://www.dziv.hr/hr /). Intellectual property protection in Croatia is granted on a territorial basis and is valid only on the territory of the country in which such a right is granted. Thus, patents issued by the Office to local and international applicants are valid only on the part of the Republic of Croatia. Patent protection in other countries can be obtained:
- by submitting a single application to the competent authority of each country in whose territory protection is required;
- by filing a single international application following the Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT) for the Contracting States;
- within one of the regional patent systems - for the member States of the European Patent Organization (EPO) and for the EU Member States by applying for a European patent with one of the competent EPO offices.
International and regional patent systems allow you to file one application for an invention in one place, which has simultaneous legal force in several countries.
For more information, please get in touch with the State Office for the Protection of Intellectual Property of Croatia (https://www.dziv.hr/hr /)

German copyright law applies the principle of territoriality. According to this, German citizens and persons equated to them enjoy copyright protection for all their works, regardless of whether they were published and where they were published. The works of foreign citizens of third countries are protected by copyright law if they have been published in Germany, except in cases when the work has already been published abroad more than 30 days before. In addition, relevant international treaties apply.

The Law of Turkmenistan dated January 10, 2012 No. 257-IV On Copyright and Related Rights (with amendments and additions as of December 10, 2017)

Foreign copyrights in the KSA are protected following the World Copyright Convention and the Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works, of which Saudi Arabia and Kazakhstan are members. 
In 2019, the Saudi Intellectual Property Authority (SAIP) announced the launch of an additional registration service for the copyright system, through which the authority seeks to register works and documentation and create an electronic database for them. It should be noted that the works currently included in the service are computer software and applications and architectural projects.
According to SAIP, when registering copyrights, it is crucial that its content does not violate the Islamic Sharia's provisions, the Kingdom's rulings or public morality.
In addition, any printed materials or computer programs may be distributed in Saudi Arabia only after obtaining the permission of the Ministry of Information of the KSA. This requires a local distributor who can obtain the necessary permission on the spot.

Copyrights to software products owned by a Kazakh company are valid in the UK.
The primary regulatory document in the intellectual and creative property protection field is the CDRA (Codex, Designs and Standards Act), which applies to literary works, trademarks, inventions, etc. If there is no legislative norm for the dispute settlement, precedent judicial acts previously issued in similar cases are applied.
According to the norms of the CDPA and international conventions, the copyright regime in the UK arises under the following conditions:
- the author will acquire a set of personal and property rights immediately after the creation of the work or part of it;
- since the registration of rights to the results of creative work is not provided for in the CDPA, the authors or the copyright holder will have to use other methods of proof;
- protection will be provided not only to British authors but also to foreign citizens if they have published their work in England or the Berne Convention member countries.;
- if the work has not been published, or the publication took place outside the State's parties to the convention, the copyright regime can be confirmed through the court or by other means specified in the CDPA.

https://matsne.gov.ge/ru/document/view/16198?publication=10 
Copyrights (including software products) are protected regardless of the place of origin/registration of the holders of these rights.

The same legislation protects the copyrights of foreign legal entities as local companies. Since Kazakhstan is a party to the Berne and Geneva Conventions, Kazakhstani companies have the right to copyright protection in France.

The regulation of copyright issues is carried out through documents approved by the EEA, including the Protocol on the Protection and Protection of Intellectual Property Rights. However, according to Article 5. The Law of the Republic of Belarus "On Copyright and Related Rights"
Scope of copyright:
1. Copyright applies to works of science, literature and art that exist in any objective form:
on the territory of the Republic of Belarus, regardless of the nationality of the authors and their legal successors;
outside the Republic of Belarus, and is recognized for the authors – citizens of the Republic of Belarus and their legal successors;
outside the Republic of Belarus and is recognized for authors who are citizens of other states and their legal successors by international treaties of the Republic of Belarus.
2. When granting protection to work on the territory of the Republic of Belarus by international treaties of the Republic of Belarus, the copyright holder for the job is determined by the legislation of the state in whose territory the action or event that served as the basis for the possession of copyright took place.
3. The granting of protection in the territory of the Republic of Belarus to works per international treaties of the Republic of Belarus is carried out in respect of works that have not passed into the public domain in the country of origin of the work due to the expiration of the copyright term established in that country for this work and have not passed into the public domain in the Republic of Belarus due to the end of the copyright term for this work. The work is provided for in Article 20 of this Law.

Learn more: https://kodeksy-by.com/zakon_rb_ob_avtorskom_prave_i_smezhnyh_pravah/5.htm

The legal basis is contained in the "Code of Copyright and Related Rights" of Portugal: Article 36 states, "The right granted to an intellectual creator to create a program expires 70 years after his death. If the right originally belongs to a person who is not an intellectual creator, the right expires 70 years after the date when the program was first legally published or made public," while Article 37 provides that "works whose country of origin is a foreign state outside the European Union and whose author is not a citizen of a European Union country Of the Union, enjoy the protection provided for by the legislation of the country of origin, if these norms do not exceed those established by other articles of the "specified Code.

Registration of trademarks and patents in the Republic of Kazakhstan does not protect their copyright holders in Japan. No universal international copyrights automatically protect the author worldwide, but many countries offer copyright protection through international agreements. Copyright holders make decisions about the need to register patents and trademarks registered in Japan.

This provision is not provided for in the legislation of the Republic of Tajikistan. Therefore, according to the Department of Copyright and Related Rights of the Ministry of Culture of the Republic of Tajikistan, there are no facts of copyright actions on the territory of the Republic of Tajikistan for software products owned by a Kazakh company.

In accordance with the provisions of the RI Law "On Copyright" No. 19 of 2002, copyright protects only illegal copying of a computer program and not the invention itself. 
According to experts, copyright protection for computer programs in Indonesia is vulnerable because it protects only "the expression in its material form of the work, and not the idea underlying the invention."

Yes, they are.

Yes

Yes, they do. According to the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS), copyrights for software products owned by a Kazakh company are valid on the territory of Hungary.
For entrepreneurs from non-EU countries, an international registration corresponding to the Madrid system is suitable. If there are difficulties in obtaining an EU Certificate, you can take advantage of the chance of converting the application into a national one.

Copyright holders can claim ownership through a legislative declaration or by registering with the state corporation "Intellectual Property Corporation of Malaysia" (https://www.myipo.gov.my/en/home /). For more information, see item No. 18.

The copyrights of citizens of countries that are parties to the Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works, the Universal Copyright Convention and the TRIPS Agreement are protected in India by the International Copyright Protection Order. A list of such countries is given in Annex-IV
https://copyright.gov.in/documents/handbook.html

According to the Bulgarian Law of August 1, 1993 "On Copyright and Related Rights", the copyright for computer programs is valid in the country.

A Singapore subsidiary may be wholly owned by a foreign company but will be considered a separate legal entity from the parent company. The liability of a foreign company is limited by the amount of the subscribed share capital, and the foreign company's assets are reliably protected from the debts and liability of the Singapore subsidiary. In addition, a Singapore subsidiary is often considered a local resident company and can count on all the tax advantages available to local resident Singapore companies.

Critical Facts about Singapore subsidiaries

* Shares of the Singapore subsidiary. A foreign parent company may own 100% of the shares of a Singapore subsidiary.
* Local Director of the Singapore subsidiary. A Singapore subsidiary must appoint at least one Director who is a permanent resident of Singapore, for example, a citizen of Singapore, a permanent resident of Singapore, or at least an Employment Pass holder. The Director must be at least 18 years old, and this person must not have a history of bankruptcy or a criminal record for improper practice. After registering a subsidiary in Singapore, foreign companies can quickly change our, albeit smart, but nominee director to their own. For example, by relocating an intelligent employee from his company's head office to Singapore (the stupid ones in Singapore will not take root). Then you will be able to issue an Employment Pass for this employee and make him the Director of the Singapore daughter. You can read about the nominee director here: Interactive Nominee service from Singapore for offshore companies
* Prepaid capital of a Singapore subsidiary. The minimum prepaid capital of a Singapore subsidiary is S$1. The parent company can be a 100% shareholder. The concept of "authorized capital" does not exist in Singapore.
* The local registration address of the Singapore subsidiary. A Singapore subsidiary must have a registered office in Singapore. The registered address can be a commercial office (if you plan to rent one) or a home office. A registered office is a room where you have to keep documents for a Singapore subsidiary.
* Secretary of the Singapore subsidiary. At the time of registration, the Director of the Singapore subsidiary must appoint another individual permanently residing in Singapore to the role of the company secretary. We provide this service. Please do not confuse the company secretary with the secretary who serves coffee and dismisses unwanted people on the phone. You can read more about the duties of the secretary of a Singapore subsidiary here: General regulatory requirements for Singapore companies
* Auditor of the Singapore Daughters of the company. Within three months after the registration of the Singapore subsidiary, an auditor of this company must be appointed.
* Audit of the Singapore subsidiary. Singapore subsidiaries must submit audited reports to the Singapore Tax Service annually.

Additionally, informed about the available organizational and legal forms: In Singapore, there are the following organizational and legal forms of companies:

1. Sole
Proprietorship;
2. Partnership;
3. Limited Liability Partnership;
4. Company (Company)
5. Trust (Business Trust).

       Singapore's most popular legal form is a private limited liability company (Private Limited Company). We have conducted a comparative analysis of Singapore's most common legal forms.
     Authorized capital: The minimum authorized capital for the registration of a Singapore company is 1 SGD. The authorized or share capital may be increased at any time after the company is registered and a bank account is opened. If you plan to hire staff, obtain licenses to conduct business, or work with local contractors, this will need to be done.
     Terms: The company registration procedure in Singapore is fully automated. In this regard, the Singapore registration process is fast and efficient. Under normal circumstances, the company can be registered within 2-3 days if additional licenses and permits are not required.
     Cost: If you are a country resident (you have a SingPass), you have a legal address and a company secretary, you can register a company for just 315 SGD. If you are a foreigner, your registration fee will start from 1 000 SGD (750 USD). The total registration cost depends on the services you need (local Director, secretary, legal address, accounting, etc. Example link by region: https://www.rsbu.org/registraciya-kompanii-nominalnyy-direktor.html ) using a nominee local director.
     Director: You can appoint an unlimited number of local or foreign directors, but at least one of the company's directors must be a resident of Singapore (the law includes citizens of Singapore, persons with permanent residence status, as well as holders of EntrePass, Employment Pass, or Dependent Pass visas to this category). The Director may not be persons under 18 who have been declared bankrupt or convicted of any abuse of office in the past. The Director may also be a shareholder of the company. Non-shareholders may also be appointed directors.
     Shareholders: A Private Limited Company can have from 1 to 50 shareholders. Shareholders can be directors of the company. A shareholder may be an individual or a legal entity, for example, another company or fund. 100% ownership of shares by foreigners is allowed. You can issue additional shares or transfer existing shares to another person at any time after the company's registration.
Company Secretary: According to Section 171 of the Singapore Companies Act, each company must appoint a qualified secretary within six months of registration. The company secretary must be an individual resident of Singapore. If there is only one director/shareholder in the company, the same person cannot act as the company's secretary.  
     Legal address: To register a company in Singapore, you must have a legal address in Singapore. The company's legal address must be a real address and cannot be just a mailbox. The legal address is indicated in all official documents; correspondence comes to it.
     Taxes: The tax for companies in Singapore is fixed and is 17%. At the same time, there are a large number of business support programs. As a result, companies registered in Singapore can enjoy attractive tax benefits and incentives. On average, up to the first $ 300,000 of annual profit, the company pays up to 9% tax and over $ 300,000 – 17%.

According to Australian laws, a company is a tax resident in Australia if it is registered in the country. A company is also considered a tax resident if it:

Does business in Australia or
Operated from Australia, or
Controlled in Australia, or
It is controlled by shareholders with decisive voting rights who reside in the country.
Australian resident companies are subject to income tax on income worldwide. At the same time, non-resident companies are subject to Australian tax on income received from Australian sources.

Estonia has a zero corporate income tax rate. This applies only to the company's received but retained earnings. If shareholders or shareholders (owners) decide to distribute profits in the form of dividends, then the company pays only income tax for shareholders at the rate of 20/80, i.e. 20%. From January 1, 2018, a reduced tax rate on paid dividends is in effect (starting from the 3rd year of regular payments) and is equal to 14%. Thus, the main tax burden is formed as follows:
corporate income tax – 0%;
turnover tax (VAT, VAT) – 20%;
the social tax rate is 33%;
withholding income tax rate – 20%;
income tax on dividends – 20/80 rate;
unemployment insurance deductions (employee) – 1.6%;
unemployment insurance deductions (employer) – 0.8%.

If the parent company is not located within the EU, the subsidiary falls and is classified under the full tax liability of Slovakia, depending on the type of activity of the company

Following the Convention between the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Government of the Republic of Italy on the Elimination of Double Taxation concerning Income Taxes and the Prevention of Tax Evasion (signed in Rome on September 22, 1994), companies with permanent branches and other representative offices in Italy are subject to all tax obligations by local legislation.

By the Law of Croatia "On Companies", legal entities, residents and non-residents of the country, subsidiaries, and companies with minority or majority foreign participation operate within the framework of uniform legislative conditions. Accordingly, the subsidiary as a separate legal entity is subject to all tax obligations provided for companies registered in Croatia.
Regarding branches, companies may have branches outside of their registered location in which they carry out their activities. The branch is not a legal entity. The branch is created by the decision of the company's constituent body by the charter. The decision to establish a unit must be notarized. Departments operate under the management of their company and must indicate their registered office and the registered office of the founder. Their activities do not create rights and obligations for them, but the parent company bears these rights and responsibilities.
Foreign companies and individual entrepreneurs can also work in Croatia through a branch, while the same rules apply to their establishment and registration as to branches established by local companies.

The rules of taxation of branches are similar to the laws of taxation of limited liability companies.
A branch is registered with the Swedish Tax Agency (Skatteverket) as an employer and for paying taxes. The procedure is carried out by filling out a specific form (Company Notification Form).
Upon completion of registration, the branch will automatically receive all documents, VAT and payment declarations, as well as information necessary for accounting and payment of VAT, income tax and social security contributions.

Information on taxes can be obtained on the website: https://www.skatteverket.se/.

Subsidiaries of foreign countries are taxed by the tax legislation of Germany on an equal basis with local firms, taking into account the Agreement between the Republic of Kazakhstan and Germany on the avoidance of double taxation concerning taxes on income and property.

The Tax Code of Turkmenistan dated October 25, 2005 (with amendments and additions as of 06/05/2021)

Parent companies and their subsidiaries in Saudi Arabia must submit their consolidated financial statements and the profits of subsidiaries if subsidiaries are registered in Saudi Arabia or abroad. Investments outside the country will be deducted from zakat (religious obligation or tax) if the taxpayer submits financial statements verified by a certified accountant.
Regarding the subsidiary's taxes, the corporate tax rate is charged at the standard rate of 20%. Zakat, calculated based on the net value of the business, is set at 2.5%. Withholding taxes are levied on various types of income at a rate from 5% to 20%.

Taxation of a subsidiary in the UK can be carried out based on the principle of remitting. This means that such a company will pay tax only on income and profits received on the country's territory and on funds transferred/imported or used in the UK. Payments received abroad and remaining in the UK will not tax there.

If an enterprise operates in Georgia through a permanent establishment, it falls under the same tax regime as a Georgian enterprise; taxes depending on the type of activity may be as follows: a) income tax; b) income tax; c) value added tax (VAT); d) excise tax; e) import tax; f) property tax. The difference is as follows: if a Georgian company distributes profits to its founder and to a Georgian company (legal entity), then this transaction is exempt from income tax and dividends. And if an enterprise distributes profits to a foreign enterprise, then income tax and dividends are paid. (Source Tax Code https://matsne.gov.ge/ru/document/view/1043717?publication=173 ).

In 1998, the Convention on the Avoidance of Double Taxation was signed between the Governments of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the French Republic, which details the taxation of companies in the two countries.

By Article 14 of the Tax Code of the Republic of Belarus (from now on referred to as the Tax Code of the Republic of Belarus), foreign organizations are recognized as payers of taxes, and fees (duties), including those who, by taxation or customs legislation, are obliged to pay taxes, fees, duties. At the same time, the payer's obligations are listed in Article 22 of the Tax Code of the Republic of Belarus.
At the same time, according to Article 15 of the Tax Code of the Republic of Belarus, a foreign organization is not a tax resident of the Republic of Belarus. Therefore, it fulfils tax obligations only for activities carried out in the Republic of Belarus or concerning income from sources in the Republic of Belarus, as well as in respect of property located on the territory of the Republic of Belarus.

Article 70 of the Tax Code of the Republic of Belarus regulates that foreign organizations are subject to registration with the tax authority upon application. Therefore, the originals of the documents submitted to the tax authority for registration are returned to the payer after their reconciliation with copies.
• Foreign organizations about activities that, according to Article 180 of the Tax Code of the Republic of Belarus, are considered activities on the territory of the Republic of Belarus through a permanent establishment are required to comply with the legislation requirements on accounting and reporting.

Branches and other permanent representations of foreign legal entities are subject to mandatory registration in the Central Register of Legal Entities (RNPC). One of the main conditions for the registration of a company is the identification of a local representative for tax purposes (an individual or a legal entity residing in Portugal) and the fulfilment of obligations to the Portuguese tax authorities.

Companies conducting economic activities in Japan are taxed in Japan on the profits derived from these economic activities. The income of corporations established in Japan is subject to taxation regardless of where it was received. When income includes profits earned in foreign countries that are taxed in the countries of origin of this income, foreign tax benefits are available, in which taxes paid in another country can be taken into account when paying taxes in Japan.
When calculating the income of Japanese branches of foreign corporations, the profit/loss from internal transactions between the branch and the head office should be calculated at market prices. In addition, when income received by a Japanese subsidiary in a third country and related to a Japanese subsidiary is subject to taxation in a third country, foreign tax benefits are available, according to which taxes paid in a third country can be considered when paying taxes in Japan.

Tajikistan's subsidiary cannot operate independently or separately from the head office. From a legal and organizational point of view, a subsidiary is part of the head office's business. It thus operates by the rules governing the head office. The business of a subsidiary is part of the organization of a foreign company. The legal liability of a subsidiary company depends on the liability of the legal entity of the head office. The subsidiary is autonomous about the head office, having its management with its executive structure, separate bank accounts, and different accounting standards, including balance sheet preparation. The subsidiary, by the tax legislation of the Republic of Tajikistan, bears the same tax obligations as the head office, which is located outside Tajikistan.

A subsidiary of a non-resident company is subject to the same taxation regime applied to a local Indonesian company, except dividends declared and distributed to a foreign shareholder, which are subject to income tax at a rate of 20% (or at another reduced rate applicable according to the tax agreement of the two countries).

The legislation does not stipulate different tax conditions for foreign companies. General tax rules apply to all legal entities (VAT -21%, corporate income tax – 15%, personal income tax – 26%, 10% and 15%, mandatory social payments – 34.09%, real estate tax – 1.5% and 3%).

The legislation does not stipulate separate tax conditions for foreign companies. General tax rules apply to all legal entities (VAT -21%, corporate income tax – 15%, personal income tax – 26%, 10% and 15%, mandatory social payments – 34.09%, real estate tax – 1.5% and 3%).

An important advantage of the Hungarian tax system is that the income of the holding type (dividends, profits received from the sale of a subsidiary) is not taxed.

Corporate taxes: 
1. Income tax (from 17% to 24%)
2. Stamp duty – levied on certain instruments and documents following the Stamp Act of 1949; 
3. Sales tax is a one-step tax levied on taxable goods produced and sold, used or disposed of in Malaysia by a registered manufacturer or imported into Malaysia by any person (from 5% to 10%);
4. Service Tax – levied on any taxable services provided in Malaysia by a registered person when conducting their business (6%); 
5. Digital Services tax – levied on any foreign supplier that provides any digital services signed via the Internet or other electronic network and which cannot be obtained without the use of information technology (6%); 
6. Excise duty – levied on certain products produced in Malaysia for local consumption, as well as some imported goods: cigarettes, alcohol, and cars (from 5 to 105% depending on the categories of goods); 
7. Capital gains tax – is levied on capital gains arising from the sale of real estate and the sale of shares of a real estate company (from 5% to 30%).

Deductions provided for from employees' salaries: 
1. Income tax on employees' salaries (from 0 to 30%); 
2. Contributions to the reserve fund of employees (from 12% to 13%);
3. Social contributions (the maximum amount of monthly contributions is 69.05 Malaysian ringgit (about $17). USD) per month, depending on the employee's monthly salary);
4. Contributions to the employment insurance system (the maximum amount is 49.40 ringgit (about $12).for employees who are not eligible for a disability pension).

They are not provided. Tax liabilities arise only for a subsidiary that has received a patent from the Certification and Tax Patents Department of Kuwait.

A resident company is taxed on worldwide income. In contrast, a non-resident is taxed only on income earned in India or that accrues, arises, or is considered accrued or originated in India. Income that is believed to be received or originated in India includes income received or arising, directly or indirectly, through or as a result of (a) any business relationship in India, (b) any property in India, (c) any asset or source of income in India, (d) the transfer of fixed capital in India. This also includes income in the form of interest, royalties and fees for technical services, which are taxed based on the source rule. When calculating taxable business income, expenses incurred entirely and exclusively for commercial purposes are allowed as a deduction, considering the calculations' provisions.

Министерство иностранных дел Болгарии представляет следующую ссылку по данному вопросу: https://www.investbg.government.bg/bg/pages/4-taxation-177.html

The second paragraph of Article No. 3 of the Corporate Tax Law No. 5520; the first article states that legal and business centres of institutions that are not part of Turkey are taxed only on income received in Turkey, and the third paragraph indicates which income consists of the payment of the institution included in the narrow issue of the taxpayer. It was decided that commercial income received from the work of foreign institutions in Turkey with jobs or permanent representatives in these places, and through these representatives, is taxed as income of institutions falling under the question of a narrow taxpayer.

If the company is a resident of a country with which Australia has concluded a Double Taxation Avoidance Agreement (DTA), Australia's right to tax business profits is usually limited to profits related to a permanent establishment in Australia.
States with which Australia has agreements "To avoid double taxation":
Argentina, Finland, Kiribati, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Austria, France, Belgium, Korea, Poland, Greece, Sweden, Belgium, Germany, Malaysia, Romania, Switzerland, Canada, Hungary, Malta, Russia, Taiwan, Turkey, Taipei, Chile, India, Mexico, Singapore, Thailand, China, Indonesia, Netherlands, Slovakia, India, Czech Republic, Ireland, New Zealand, South Africa, Great Britain, Denmark, Italy, Norway, USA, Fiji, Japan, Papua New Guinea, Spain, Vietnam and Peru.

It is necessary to have an agreement on the avoidance of double taxation. The Convention between the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Republic of Estonia on the Avoidance of Double Taxation and the Prevention of Tax Evasion on Income and Capital was signed on March 1, 1999. (Entered into force on July 19, 2000).

In cases where the parent company is located in one of the EU countries, and if there is a valid Agreement on the avoidance of double taxation, such an agreement between the Republic of Kazakhstan and the SR entered into force on July 28, 2008.

By the Convention between the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Government of the Republic of Italy on the Elimination of Double Taxation concerning Income Taxes and the Prevention of Tax Evasion, signed in Rome on September 22, 1994, ratified by the Decree of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated April 21, 1995, No. 2225.

By the legislation of Croatia, a single tax regime is established for residents and non-residents. At the same time, the taxation of non-residents also considers the concluded agreements on avoidance of double taxation, which Croatia has signed with more than 60 countries, including Kazakhstan. Details and more detailed information are set out in the agreement, as well as on the website of the Croatian Tax Agency (https://www.porezna-uprava.hr/bi/Stranice/Dvostruko-oporezivanje.aspx ).

The issues of avoidance of double taxation are regulated by the Convention between the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Government of the Kingdom of Sweden on avoidance of Double Taxation and prevention of Evasion with respect to Income Taxes (Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated July 9, 1998 No. 270)

Kazakhstan and Serbia signed the Convention on the Avoidance of Double Taxation and Prevention of Tax Evasion concerning Taxes on Income and Capital and the corresponding Protocol to it (the document entered into force on 24.11.2016).

Within the framework of the Agreement between the Republic of Kazakhstan and Germany on the avoidance of double taxation with respect to taxes on income and property.

Double taxation is regulated by the Tax Code of Turkmenistan dated October 25, 2005 (with amendments and additions as of 06/05/2021).

Companies of the Republic of Kazakhstan can avoid double taxation by the Convention on Avoidance of Double Taxation and Prevention of Capital Tax Evasion signed between the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Government of the KSA on June 7, 2011, in Nur-Sultan.

An international treaty regulates this issue - the Convention between the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland on the elimination of double taxation and the prevention of tax evasion on income and Property Gains, signed in London, 21.03.1994, which entered into force on 15.07.1996.

Kazakhstan and Georgia have signed and ratified an agreement on the avoidance of double taxation; the Georgian version is also posted on the website of the Ministry of Finance. This agreement avoids the double payment of income, profit and dividend taxes https://www.mof.ge/5127.

By the Agreement between the Kyrgyz Republic and the Republic of Kazakhstan on Avoidance of Double Taxation and Prevention of Tax Evasion concerning Taxes on Income and on Capital dated April 8, 1997

See the Convention specified in paragraph 7. Available on the online resource.zakon.kz

To determine the provisions for the avoidance of double taxation, an Agreement was concluded between the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Government of the Republic of Belarus on the release of double taxation and prevention of tax evasion concerning taxes on income and property, signed on April 11, 1997 (hereinafter referred to as the Agreement), as well as a Protocol on Amendments and additions to the Agreement of March 16 2016. According to article 24 of the Agreement, in the case of Kazakhstan, double taxation is eliminated as follows: 
a) If a resident of Kazakhstan receives income or owns property that, by the provisions of this Agreement, may be taxed in Belarus, Kazakhstan will allow:
- deduct from the income tax of this resident an amount equal to the income tax paid in Belarus; 

- deduct from the property tax of this resident an amount equal to the property tax paid in Belarus. 
The amount of deductible tax should not exceed the tax accrued on the same income at the rates applicable in Kazakhstan. 
b) If a resident of Kazakhstan receives income or owns property that, by the provisions of this Agreement, is taxed only in Belarus, Kazakhstan may include this income or property in the tax base, but only to establish the tax rate on such other income or property subject to taxation in Kazakhstan. 
In the case of Belarus, double taxation is eliminated as follows:
If a resident of Belarus receives income or owns types of property that, by the provisions of this Agreement, may be taxed in Kazakhstan, then Belarus allows:
a) as a deduction of their tax on the income of this resident, an amount equal to the income tax paid in Kazakhstan;
b) as a deduction from the tax on this resident's property types, an amount equal to the tax paid in Kazakhstan.
However, these deductions should not exceed that part of the income tax or property tax, as calculated before the conclusion, which relates to income or types of property that can be taxed in Kazakhstan.

Currently, the draft agreement on the avoidance of double taxation between the Republic of Kazakhstan and Portugal is under consideration by the parties.

In accordance with the Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated November 30, 2009, No. 208-IV "On ratification of the Convention between the Republic of Kazakhstan and Japan on Avoidance of Double Taxation and Prevention of Tax Evasion with Respect to Income Taxes and its Protocol".

The basis for the exemption of double taxation is a valid bilateral agreement on the avoidance of double taxation. To date, such an agreement between the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Republic of Tajikistan has not been concluded.

Foreign companies can avoid double taxation by concluding an agreement between the countries on the avoidance of double taxation and the prevention of Income Tax Evasion.

Kazakhstan and the UAE have signed the Convention on the Avoidance of Double Taxation and the Prevention of Tax Evasion with Respect to Income Taxes and its Protocol, according to which companies can avoid double taxation

Latvia and Kazakhstan have a Convention (since 2002) on the avoidance of double taxation.

According to the current "Convention between the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Government of the Republic of Hungary on the elimination of double taxation and prevention of tax evasion on income and capital", Kazakh non-resident companies are exempt from double taxation.

The Agreement on Avoidance of Double Taxation and Prevention of Tax Evasion with respect to Taxes on Income and capital between the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Government of Malaysia was signed on June 27, 2006, and entered into force on May 27, 2010.

In the case of an agreement on the avoidance of double taxation.

Please read the Double Taxation Avoidance Agreement signed between Kazakhstan and India.
https://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/Z970000147_ 
https://www.incometaxindia.gov.in/pages/international-taxation/dtaa.aspx

The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Bulgaria provides the following link on this issue: https://www.nra.bg/wps/portal/nra/mezhdunarodni-deinosti/siddo

National and international measures can be taken to avoid double taxation.

As a national measure, the deduction from base one is generally calculated in the country depending on the income and wealth tax residence. The tax paid abroad is deducted from the tax base in which it was accrued. Accordingly, domestic and international income accumulates; the remaining amount is taxed after removing taxes from the tax base.

2-tax benefits according to this method; the country having a place of residence in taxation calculates tax on all income received in the country and abroad and deducts similar taxes paid abroad from the total amount of accrued tax.

Particular method 3-a country that wants to avoid double taxation does not include entities taxed in other countries. Although to do this, it is not necessary to conclude agreements with other countries; it can avoid double taxation by exempting items taxed in the original region with the rules established by its legislation.

The measures that can be taken at the international level are the conclusion of international agreements based on the distribution of powers between countries to decriminalise taxation. Deals aimed at preventing double taxation are concluded mainly on income and wealth taxes. For example, Kazakhstan and Turkey have an agreement on tdecriminalisingdouble taxation.

Singapore Tax Service - "IRA"
(https://www.iras.gov.sg /)
either on the registrar's official website - "ACRA" (Accounting and Corporate Regulation Authority)
or "SALE" (Singapore Law Academy)

5 important taxes in Australia
On the official website of the Australian Tax Service, you can find a lot of information about the taxation of individuals and legal entities https://www.ato.gov.au/

Website of the Estonian Tax and Customs Department https://www.emta.ee/eng/business-client/income-expenses-supply-profits/tax-rates

https://www.financnasprava.sk/sk/titulna-stranka 

1. On the website of the Italian Agency for Trade and Investment: https://www.ice.it/en/invest/paying-taxes
2. On the website of the Italian State Revenue Agency: https://www.agenziaentrate.gov.it/portale/web/english/nse/business

The information is available on the website of the Croatian Tax Agency https://www.porezna-uprava.hr

All the necessary information is available on the website of the Swedish Tax Agency - https://www.skatteverket.se/

Official website of the Tax Department of the Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Serbia https://www.purs.gov.rs/sr/pravna-lica/pregled-propisa/zakoni.html

On the official resources of German state bodies:
Federal Ministry of Finance (www.bundesfinanzministerium.de )

Tax Code of Turkmenistan dated October 25, 2005 (with amendments and additions as of 06/05/2021)
Official website of the Ministry of Finance and Economy of Turkmenistan

All the necessary information can be obtained on the official website of the General Directorate of Zakat, Taxes and Customs of the KSA - https://zatca.gov.sa

Answers to questions regarding tax deductions can be found on the website https://www.gov.uk/income-tax-rates

By hyperlink: www.rs.ge

https://www.sti.gov.kg/

The form of taxation, rates and periods depend on the form of commercial activity and the company itself. It is necessary to make an individual request to the relevant authorities. Follow the link to see the contacts: https://www.impots.gouv .fr/portail/les-services-competents-pour-les-entreprises-etrangeres-sans-etablissement-stable-en-france

Official website of the Ministry of Taxes and Duties of the Republic of Belarus : http://www.nalog.gov.by/ru/

On the website of the Portuguese Tax and Customs Authority (Autoridade Tributária e Aduaneira), the tab "Budget Agenda - 2021" - https://info.portaldasfinancas.gov.pt/pt/apoio_contribuinte/calendario_fiscal/Pages/obrigacoes.aspx

National Tax Agency of Japan
https://www.nta.go.jp/english/index.htm

For more complete and detailed information about the taxation system in the Republic of Tajikistan, tax rates, tax deductions, taxation objects, tax benefits, and other elements of taxation, it is recommended to visit the website of the Tax Committee under the Government of the Republic of Tajikistan http://www.andoz.tj

Reliable information on tax deductions can be obtained on the website of the Main Tax Administration of the MF RI: https://www.pajak.go.id/id (note, most of the information is published in Indonesian). It is also possible to search for the necessary information on the portal of the consulting company "PwC Indonesia": https://taxsummaries.pwc.com/indonesia/corporate/taxes-on-corporate-income .

On the official resource of the UAE Federal Tax Administration https://www.tax.gov.ae/en 
On the official resource of the UAE Government 
https://u.ae/en/information-and-services/finance-and-investment/taxation/valueaddedtaxvat

Each canton in Switzerland has its own website with a description of tax obligations in this canton.  There is no single database on tax deductions in Switzerland. The main resources are printed publications with tax laws at the federal and cantonal levels.

The information is available in Russian and English on the official website of the State Revenue Service of Latvia https://www.vid.gov.lv/ru/nalogi

Hungary's tax rates:
• Tax on dividends, interest, royalties - 0%.
• Capital gains tax - 9%.
• VAT - the standard rate of 27% or a reduced rate from 0% to 18%.
• Personal income tax - 15%.
• The tax on intellectual products is 5%.
• 50% benefit after taxes on patents, inventions and royalties registered in Hungary.
Significant tax advantages for multinational companies if they relocate their production in Hungary.

Official website of the Department of Internal Revenue of Malaysia: http://www.hasil.gov.my/

Portal of the electronic government of Kuwait. https://e.gov.kw/sites/kgoenglish/Pages/HomePage.aspx

Foreign companies with a Permanent Representative Office ("PE") or a Branch/project office in India are taxed at a higher base rate of 40%, which, taking into account the corresponding surcharge and tuition fees, is 41.60, 42.43 or 43.68%. In India, there is a Minimum Alternative Tax Regime ("MAT").
https://incometaxindia.gov.in/Pages/default.aspx
https://www.investindia.gov.in/taxation#:~:text=The%20tax%20structure%20in%20India,is%20on%20the%20assessees%20themselves.
https://cleartax.in/s/income-tax

The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Bulgaria provides the following links on this issue: https://www.nra.bg/wps/portal/nra 
https://www.investbg.government.bg/bg/pages/4-taxation-177.html 
https://www.mi.government.bg/bg/themes/danaci-1996-491.html

Information such as tax benefits and rates is published in the official messenger. To get secure information about tax cuts, you need to follow the official page of the revenue department. https://intvrg.gib.gov.tr/intvrg_duyuru/duyurular.html current ads are created from the official website.

There is no such agreement

NCE "Atameken" partners with the Estonian Chamber of Commerce and Industry (koda.ee ), providing mutual support in establishing trade and economic contacts. Support for Kazakhstani companies can be provided through the mechanism of relations between these associations. Contact in the ATP - Margus.Ilmjarv@koda.ee.

KazakhInvest JSC has partnership relations with the Slovak Investment and Trade Development Agency (SARIO), which provides mutual support in establishing trade and economic contacts. Support for Kazakhstani companies can be provided through the mechanism of relations between these associations.  
Contact person from KazakhInvest JSC: Altynai Mukanova – a.mukanova@invest.gov.kz

1. Convention between the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Government of the Republic of Italy on the Elimination of Double Taxation with respect to Income Taxes and the Prevention of Tax Evasion (1994).
2. Agreement on Enhanced Partnership and Cooperation between the European Union and its Member States, on the one hand, and the Republic of Kazakhstan, on the other hand (Astana, December 21, 2015).

Contacts: 
Dipartimento per gli investimenti diretti esteri
via Liszt, 21 00144 Roma
t +39 06 5992 1
f +39 06 8928 0313
www.ice.it
fdi@ice.it
attrazione.investimenti@ice.it

All the necessary legal framework already exists to support joint Kazakh-American projects. For individual questions, please contact the Embassy of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the USA or the Consulate General of Kazakhstan in San Francisco
(Consul K.K. Kayupov tel +1(628)236-1030)

Agreement between the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan on avoidance of double taxation and prevention of income tax evasion. Entered into force on February 22, 2019. (According to article 24, paragraph 1. If a person believes that the actions of one or both of the Contracting States lead or will lead to his taxation that does not comply with the provisions of this Agreement, he may, regardless of the remedies provided for by the domestic legislation of these States, submit his application to the competent authority of the Contracting State of which he is a resident, or if his application falls under paragraph 1 of Article 23 of the Contracting State of which it is national. The application must be submitted within three years from the date of the first notification of actions leading to taxation that does not comply with the provisions of the Agreement. In case of court proceedings, the court decision cannot be reviewed by the competent authorities of Kazakhstan.)
Agreement between the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan on economic cooperation. Entered into force on March 1, 2019
. A number of interdepartmental documents entered into force from the date of signing.

There are no partnership agreements with Sweden

Similar partnership agreements have not been signed between Kazakhstan and Serbia.

Kazakhstan and Germany have signed 35 agreements, including Agreement on Raw Materials, Industrial and Technological Partnership (Nur-Sultan, February 8, 2012); Agreement on the Avoidance of Double Taxation with Respect to Taxes on Income and Property (Bonn, November 26, 1997); Agreement on the Development of Large-scale Cooperation in the Field of economics, industry, Science and Technology (Bonn, from 22 September 1992); Agreement on Cultural Cooperation (Almaty, December 16, 1994).

The following agreements have been signed between Kazakhstan and Saudi Arabia, which can provide legal and other support to Kazakhstani companies.
1. Convention on Avoidance of Double Taxation and Prevention of Capital Tax Evasion between the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Government of the KSA.
2. Agreement between the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia on cooperation in the justice field.
3. Agreement between the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia on the detention of persons.
To receive legal support, Kazakhstani companies can contact the Consular Department of the Embassy of the Republic of Kazakhstan in Saudi Arabia by phone: + 966544577995, Email: consul.riyadh@gmail.com.

1) Convention between the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland on the elimination of double Taxation and the Prevention of Tax Evasion on Income and Property Gains. London, 03/21/1994. It entered into force on 15.07.1996. 
2) Protocol on Amendments to the Convention between the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland on the Elimination of Double Taxation and prevention of Tax Evasion on Income and Property Gains. London, 18.09.1997. It entered into force on 01.01.1999.
3) Agreement between the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland on the promotion and protection of investments. London, 11/23/1995. It entered into force on 09.01.1997.

Agreement on the establishment of the Kazakh-Georgian Economic Association. Contact details: info@kaz.ge

Agreement between the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Government of the Kyrgyz Republic on the promotion and mutual Protection of Investments of 1997
Responsible government agencies - the Ministry of National Economy of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Ministry of Trade and Integration of the Republic of Kazakhstan

Conclusion in 2020 of a memorandum on creating an investment platform for $ 100 million between the NWF "Samruk Kazyna" and the state investment bank BPI France. It is necessary to send a letter to the Embassy of the Republic of Kazakhstan in France.

Agreements and Agreements are concluded within the framework of the EAEU. There are also several bilateral agreements. The implementation of the agreements is entrusted to various state bodies of the Republic of Kazakhstan, depending on the scope of the agreement or the contract.

"On July 2021, a memorandum on cooperation between JSC "National Company "KAZAKH INVEST "and the Portuguese investment and foreign trade agency AICEP, which provides support to companies and initiatives of two countries on the implementation of investment projects, as well as information on new ones, was signed promising areas of cooperation.  To receive the necessary information, it is necessary to contact the foreign manager of JSC "National Company "KAZAKH INVEST" (contacts: Central Office of JSC "National Company "KAZAKH INVEST", 010000, Nur-Sultan, Mangilik El House 55/20, building 4.1, Tel. +7 7172 620 620, +7 7172 620 627, info@invest.gov.kz).

Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated July 22, 2015, No. 339-V of the SAM "On ratification of the Agreement between the Republic of Kazakhstan and Japan on the promotion and protection of investments".
Please specify the contact details by which you can apply for the support provided in the agreement.
https://www.jetro.go.jp/en/contact/

In the legislation of the Republic of Tajikistan, taking into account market principles, there are no provisions providing for direct support for Kazakhstani companies.

As of September 2021, partnership agreements between the Republic of Kazakhstan and RI providing mutual support for companies have not been concluded.

To date, no separate intergovernmental or interdepartmental agreements have been signed between Kazakhstan and the UAE to support Kazakhstani companies.

Agreement on avoidance of double taxation

Kazakhstan: Department of Tax and Customs Legislation of the Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Kazakhstan 
Switzerland: Federal Department of Finance FDF, State Secretariat for International Finance SIF (Division for Bilateral Tax Issues), www.sif.admin.ch  
Agreement on Avoidance of Double Taxation, Tel. +41 (0)58 462 71 29, dba@sif.admin.ch

Agreement on the Promotion and Mutual Protection of Investments
Kazakhstan: Investment Committee of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs
of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Nursultan, 55/15 Mangilik el Ave., block C 2.3, 3rd floor
Reception, +7 (7172) 98-36-24, cominvestrk@mfa.kz 
Switzerland: State Secretariat for Economic Affairs SECO
Holzhikofenweg 36, H-3003 Bern
Tel. +41 58 462 56 56 , info@seco.admin.ch

No separate agreements have been concluded with Kazakhstan. Interstate agreements on preferences are concluded (after agreement with each EU country) with the European Commission.

According to Article 3, paragraph (d), The agreement between the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Government of the Republic of Hungary on economic cooperation, the parties support the expansion and intensification of collaboration by supporting investment activities in both countries, the creation of joint ventures, representative offices and departments of companies.
The agreement was signed on June 20, 2008, in Budapest.

1. Agreement on Economic, Scientific and Technical Cooperation (May 27, 1996);
2. Trade Agreement (August 5, 1997);
3. Agreement on Promotion and Protection of Investments (August 3, 1997);
4. Agreement on Avoidance of Double Taxation and Prevention of Tax Evasion concerning Taxes on Income and Capital (May 27, 2010).

Currently, there are none

Please read the Double Taxation Avoidance Agreement signed between Kazakhstan and India.
https://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/Z970000147_ 
https://www.incometaxindia.gov.in/pages/international-taxation/dtaa.aspx

Convention between the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Government of the Republic of Bulgaria on the Avoidance of Double Taxation with respect to Taxes on Income and Capital.
Agreement between the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Government of the Republic of Bulgaria on mutual promotion and protection of investments.
Agreement between the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Government of the Republic of Bulgaria on cooperation in the field of tourism.
Agreement between the Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Ministry of Agriculture, Forests and Agrarian Reform of the Republic of Bulgaria on cooperation in the field of agriculture.
Agreement between the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Government of the Republic of Bulgaria on economic cooperation.

Agreement between the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Republic of Turkey on mutual assistance and protection of investments. It entered into force on August 10, 1995.

Agreement between the Republic of Kazakhstan and Turkey on legal assistance in civil cases. It entered into force on October 2, 1999.

Contact Person -First Secretary of the Embassy of the Republic of Kazakhstan in Turkey Asan Mazhitov (tel: + 905313126748, WhatsApp: +77017778715, e-mail: a.mazhitov@mfa.kz )

Official insurance guides for entrepreneurs:

for example https://www.rsbu.org/biznes-v-singapure
or official - "ACRA" (Accounting and Corporate Regulation Authority)

Official Austrade Website www.austrade.gov.au

INVEST IN ESTONIA Investment Attraction Agency, part of the structure of the Target Enterprise Support Institution (EAS) https://investinestonia.com/business-in-estonia/

https://www.sario.sk/

1. On the website of the Italian Agency for Trade and Investment: https://www.ice.it/en/index.php/invest/starting-business-italy
2. On the website of the Italian State Revenue Agency: https://www.agenziaentrate.gov.it/portale/web/english/nse/business

https://www.usa.gov/, https://www.sba.gov и https://www.grants.gov/ 

- Ministry of Economy and Sustainable Development of Croatia https://investcroatia.gov.hr/en/;
-    HITRO.HR https://www.hitro.hr/en/

All the necessary information is available on the website of the company "Business Sweden".
https://www.business-sweden.com/

Official website of the Agency of Economic Registers of the Republic of Serbia https://www.apr.gov.rs/registri/privredna-drustva/uputstva/osnivanje.2030.html

Official websites 
Chamber of Commerce and Industry of Turkmenistan
State Bank for Foreign Economic Activity of Turkmenistan
Union of Industrialists and Entrepreneurs of Turkmenistan

You can find it on the following resources.
1. Unified National Platform - www.my.gov.sa 
2. Website of the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Development - https://hrsd.gov.sa 
3. Website of the Ministry of Investments of the KSA - https://misa.gov.sa/en/
4. Website of the Main Directorate of Zakat, Taxes and Customs of the KSA - https://zatca.gov.sa

Questions about starting a business are posted on the official website Gov.uk - https://www.gov.uk/set-up-business

By hyperlinks:

www.rs.ge  

www.geostat.ge

https://lafrenchtech.com/en/    
https://www.welcometofrance.com/en 

https://docs.eaeunion.org/ru-ru/
https://www.park.by/membership/advantages/
https://pravo.by/document/?guid=3871&p0=v19202020           
http://egr.gov.by/egrmobile/
http://belarp.by/ru/business

On the website of the Portuguese Investment and Foreign Trade Agency (AICEP, Agência para o Investimento e Comércio Externo de Portugal) https://portugalglobal.pt/PT/InvestirPortugal/CriarEmpresa/Paginas/OInvestimentoEstrangeiroPortugal.aspx
on the website of the Electronic Government of Portugal https://eportugal.gov.pt /.

https://www.jetro.go.jp/en/

Detailed information on the registration of business entities can be found on the website of the Tax Committee under the Government of the Republic of Tajikistanwww.andoz.tj
Such information is also available on the website of the Chamber of Commerce and Industry of the Republic of Tajikistan: tpp.tj
The business guide of the Chamber of Commerce and Industry of the Republic of Tajikistanis available on the website: chamber@tpp.tj

There are many information resources and consulting companies for opening a new business in Indonesia.
Among them, www.indobuyer.id ; www.brightindonesia.net ; www.cekindo.com ; www.investinindonesia.go.id ; www.permitindo.com and others .

Regarding the procedures for starting a business, the online service "Basher" for starting a business is now functioning in the UAE. The service is an integrated electronic service that allows entrepreneurs to open their businesses in the UAE within 15 minutes through a single online platform. This platform is linked to federal and local government agencies that provide commercial licensing services. 
Also, there is an online "Abu Dhabi Business Center", which provides entrepreneurs with an instant service to obtain a commercial license without having to visit a service centre. Moreover, the Dubai Department of Economic Development has launched the Dubai Virtual Commercial City program, which will allow entrepreneurs and freelancers worldwide to create a virtual company in the UAE, even if they do not live in the UAE. Using the example of the Emirate of Dubai, it can be noted that obtaining a license to open a company on the mainland of the emirate is carried out by the Department of Economic Development of Dubai. At the same time, it is necessary to open a company in a free economic zone by administrating a specific free area.
On the other hand, advisory support can be obtained through the Chamber of Commerce and Industry of the Emirate, where the company is planned to open. In particular, our Kazakhstani companies can benefit from the support offered by the Dubai Chamber of Commerce and Industry in Azerbaijan, which helps companies across Eurasia seeking to enter the Dubai Emirate market.

There are no special programs for starting a business. Some cantons may give investment preferences for specific activities and if there is an investment or social interest (job creation, an interesting kind of business).  These investment benefits are being discussed with the cantonal authorities.

Development and Investment Agency www.liaa.gov.lv 
Council of Foreign Investors of Latvia www.ficil.lv
Latvian Chamber of Commerce and Industry www.ltrk.lv

Information resources for starting a new business in Hungary:
•    https://bilderlings.com/ru/eu-company/hungary/?utm_source=google&utm_medium=cpc&utm_campaign=6447494788&utm_term=101021812532&utm_content=419676335225&gclid=Cj0KCQjw1dGJBhD4ARIsANb6OdnWdzR4cH3UrcrbI2Ne6bUvMKU2HjUn_rluJPZWV1d4NxoO6qJolhQaAgZ3EALw_wcB
•    https://helpers.hu/ru/services/business/company-formation/?gclid=Cj0KCQjw1dGJBhD4ARIsANb6Odne4C9Eut6NvbQR4S-4-dJr3QdzrnvqmPiTwuVBf33anYqTQ3DemrcaAkfYEALw_wcB
•    https://imigrant-hungary.com/blog/kak-otkryt-svoj-biznes-v-vengrii/
•    https://open-offshore.net/registration-offshore/offshor-vengriya/
•    https://internationalwealth.info/offshore-company-formation/pochemu-stoit-otkryt-kompaniju-v-vengrii/

1. MyGovernment – a unified platform of online government services (https://www.malaysia.gov.my/portal/category/1522 );
2. Capital. my – a government platform that provides information on benefits and grants for small and medium-sized enterprises, as well as startups (https://capital.com.my /);
3. MalaysiaBiz is a single portal providing information on business registration procedures (https://malaysiabiz.gov.my/ms );
4. Suruhanjaya Syarikat Malaysia (Companies Commission of Malaysia) is an official body formed by an Act of Parliament that regulates corporate and business relations in Malaysia (https://www.ssm-einfo.my/index.php ).
And also:
5. Direktori Usahawan Nasional: a search engine for businesses by name and location.
6. GiatMARA Business Directory.
7. Directory of Entrepreneurs Perbadanan Usahawan National Berhad (PUNB).
8. Business Directory of Malaysia (Malaysian Entrepreneurship Directory): a set of products and services from government and public organizations. A search engine for available services offered from 700 sources from 180 different organizations.

Portal of the electronic government of Kuwait. https://e.gov.kw/sites/kgoenglish/Pages/Business/Business.aspx

https://incometaxindia.gov.in/Pages/default.aspx
https://www.mca.gov.in/content/mca/global/en/home.html
https://www.investindia.gov.in/ 
https://commerce.gov.in/
https://www.makeinindia.com/
https://smartcities.gov.in/content/
http://www.startupindia.gov.in/
https://www.digitalindia.gov.in/
https://data.gov.in/

The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Bulgaria provides the following links on this issue: https://www.mi.government.bg/bg/themes-c368.html 
https://www.investbg.government.bg/bg/pages/starting-a-business-106.html

You can contact professional groups and associations related to the profession in this country. Through these institutions, it is possible to obtain information about the market data of sectors, the origin of products and services, employment, exports and imports.

The Embassy of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the RS has not previously encountered such an experience. However, in general, it is possible to interview partners and propose individual candidates depending on the necessary requirements and profiles (however, for information, the high standard of living in the country and the relevant PO should be taken into account). You can contact the official address of the Embassy: Singapore@mfa.kz .
Or to the 1st Secretary of the Embassy - Batyrbekov Malik (m.batyrbekov@mfa.kz )

If there is an official request, the Consulate General of the Republic of Kazakhstan in Sydney is ready to assist in resolving this issue.

The Embassy can provide assistance by informing about enterprises providing relevant services or associations of specialists of certain qualifications, but the decision on choosing a specific specialist should be made by the interested person themself.

The Embassy can provide assistance by informing about enterprises providing relevant services or associations of specialists of certain qualifications, but the decision on choosing a specific specialist should be made by the interested person themself.

The Embassy of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the Italian Republic has 6 Honorary Consuls in different regions of Italy who are ready to support Kazakhstani companies.
Contacts:
Address: Via Cassia 471, 00189, Rome, Italian Republic
Contact phone numbers: (+39) 06 363 011 30
Fax: (+39) 06 362 926 75
E-mail:    roma@mfa.kz

The Embassy of the Republic of Kazakhstan in Sweden can help provide consultations and information materials on the host country's socio-economic situation and investment policy.

This issue is not within the competence of foreign institutions of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
It is recommended to use the services of professional recruitment agencies.

In the German-speaking segment of the Internet, there are several electronic labour exchanges where job search or recruitment announcements are published. In addition, there are separate companies in the field of headhunting in Germany. The Embassy does not provide recruitment services.

In case of an appeal from interested bodies and companies, the PRK in Turkmenistan can assist in finding the necessary specialists.

There are many international and local consulting companies in Saudi Arabia that are ready to provide services for starting a business in the KSA and further support the activities of a foreign company in the Kingdom.
Kazakhstani companies can apply to the following consulting companies:
1.    KPMG - https://home.kpmg/sa 
2.    Deloitte - https://www2.deloitte.com/sa/en 
3.    Healy Consultants - https://www.healyconsultants.com/saudi-arabia-company-registration
4.    Jadwa Consulting and Business Services - https://jadwabs.com/
5.    Shaker Consultancy Group - https://www.shakergroup.com/
6.    Creative Zone - https://www.creativezone.sa/ 
Kazakh companies can also contact the Embassy of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the KSA for additional information on consulting companies in the KSA by phone: +966 11 480 6406, Email: riyadh@mfa.kz.

In case of interest in developing cooperation with the British side, the Embassy of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the United Kingdom will take all necessary measures to assist state bodies, public organizations and representatives of the business community of Kazakhstan in establishing contacts and developing relations with the UK. 
In addition, individuals and legal entities of the Republic of Kazakhstan can also apply privately to the UK Department of International Trade (DIT), which provides trade and investment services and practical support. DIT works to support British companies in Kazakhstan. Also, it supports Kazakhstani companies wishing to work in the UK, providing information of interest through an extensive network of specialists in the country, as well as through employees of the British Embassy in Nur-Sultan and the DIT office in Atyrau.
Link - https://www.gov.uk/world/organisations/department-for-international-trade-kazakhstan

The Embassy can place an ad on its website, Facebook page, as well as assist in the search for qualified specialists through established contacts. It is necessary to officially contact the Embassy.

At the request of citizens and legal entities, in each case, the Embassy may seek advice from local labour exchanges, various organizations operating in the field of employment, trade and industrial associations and chambers of entrepreneurs in the host State.

The Embassy has various contacts with representatives of companies from different sectors of the economy, business associations and acceleration programs that can help in such matters if necessary.

The search for employees in private companies is carried out independently by the company or through Recruitment Agencies operating in Belarus.

Within the powers established by the Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan "On the Diplomatic Service", Decree of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated February 4, 2004 No. 1287 "On approval of the Regulations on the diplomatic and equivalent representation of the Republic of Kazakhstan".
Where should I apply?
https://www.gov.kz/memleket/entities/mfa-tokyo/contacts?lang=ru

To hire qualified local staff, including accountants, lawyers, etc., it is advisable to contact private recruitment agencies:
    Irbis: Dushanbe, 57 Rudaki Ave. | Tel: +992 37-227-45-59 | E-mail: irbistj@mail.ru | www.irbis.tj
Imcon: Tursunzade 45; office 518.10, Dushanbe | Tel: +992 37-221-0752 | E-mail: centre@imkon.net , support@imkon.net | www.imkon.net
Companies are looking for new personnel by submitting job advertisements, publishing applications in local newspapers: Asia-Plus, Advertising Newspaper or Digest Press and conducting a weekly newsletter in English, "What's on in Dushanbe?" (website -marians@tajnet.tj ).
Employers can conduct the selection process based on individual requirements. Nevertheless, article 7 of the Labor Code prohibits discrimination against persons based on race, skin colour, gender, age, religion, political views, place of birth, or foreign or social origin.

According to the Regulations on the Diplomatic and Equivalent representation of the Republic of Kazakhstan, approved by the Decree of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated February 4, 2004 No. 1287, the Embassy of the Republic of Kazakhstan protects the rights and interests of the Republic of Kazakhstan, its citizens and legal entities, including by maintaining official contacts with the state authorities of the host state.
When individuals and legal entities of the Republic of Kazakhstan apply through the Ministry of Foreign Affairs or directly to the Embassy, the diplomatic mission, within its competence, assists in the promotion of Kazakhstani business.

A network of personal and professional contacts is needed. Finding an accountant or a lawyer in Switzerland is not difficult. It is more difficult to find qualified specialists in applied fields – usually recruiting agencies to do this.

The Embassy cooperates with the Baltic-Kazakhstan Association of Economic Development on assistance and support of entrepreneurs from Kazakhstan. For questions, you can contact the Embassy, contact information: riga@mfa.kz

This issue is not within the competence of foreign institutions of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
It is recommended to use the services of professional recruitment agencies.

The Embassy of the Republic of Kazakhstan in Malaysia will provide consulting assistance in the search for specialists in Malaysia for doing business.

Contact details of the Embassy of the Republic of Kazakhstan in Malaysia – 115, Jalan Ampang Hilir, 55000, Kuala Lumpur, tel.: +603-4252-2999, Phone of the Consular Department – +603-4251-0728

Can help with recruiting agencies, there are connections with business circles.

The ERK in the Republic of Kazakhstan can assist with the search for reliable qualified specialists, but this is purely advisory in nature. Companies that have expressed a desire to invest in the Indian economy can also seek help from the Invest India office.
https://www.investindia.gov.in/ 
contact@investindia.org.in
+91-11-23048155

The Embassy does not have the right to carry out personal and individual activities in the private interests of commercial organizations. In this regard, the search for specialists is carried out by the interested legal entity of the Republic of Kazakhstan independently.
At the same time, the Embassy, to implement paragraph 5 of the Regulations on the Diplomatic and Equivalent Representation of the Republic of Kazakhstan, approved by Decree of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated February 4, 2004 No. 1287, in case of violation of the rights and interests of this legal entity of the Republic of Kazakhstan, may assist in protecting its rights and interests in the host country within the Consular The Charter of the Republic of Kazakhstan approved by the Decree of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated April 25, 2016 No. 240.

For Turkey: Trade unions and confederations in Turkey are available to find reliable and qualified personnel. For example, the Union of Turkish Bar Associations.

Perhaps, please contact by e-mail Singapore@mfa.kz , or m.batyrbekov@mfa.kz

Shakeev Zhanat Utebekovich - Advisor to the Consulate General of the Republic of Kazakhstan in Sydney.
Contacts: +61 0 292 333350 , sydney@mfa.kz

The list of employees of trade/diplomatic missions of the Republic of Kazakhstan abroad is formed in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

The list of employees of trade/diplomatic missions of the Republic of Kazakhstan abroad is formed in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

Perhaps. It is necessary to contact the Embassy of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the Italian Republic.
Address: Via Cassia 471, 00189, Rome, Italian Republic
Contact phone numbers: (+39) 06 363 011 30
Fax: (+39) 06 362 926 75
Email address: roma@mfa.kz

Information is available on the official website of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Kazakhstan www.mfa.gov.kz

Representative of AD "NC "Kazakh Invest": Tumysheva Ainur - +49 1522 9463611
Embassy of the Republic of Kazakhstan in Sweden: Yesei Aibek: +46 76 298 53 99 ga.aybek@gmail.com
AD "NC "Kazakh Invest": +7 7172 620 620; +7 7172 620 627; info@invest.gov.kz

Perhaps.
Website of the Embassy of the Republic of Kazakhstan in Serbia
https://www.gov.kz/memleket/entities/mfa-belgrad/contacts?lang=kk

Embassy of the Republic of Kazakhstan in Turkmenistan 744036, 
address: Ashgabat, Garashsyzlyk village 11, 13, 15.
Tel.: (+99312) 48-04-68, 48-04-69, 48-04-72 ( consul).
 Fax: (+99312) 48-04-75, e-mail: ashgabat@mfa.kz
KTZ representative in Turkmenistan, +993 65-80-43-30, IMO, Whatsapp: +7 701-528-80-30

Yes, it is possible. You can contact the Embassy of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the KSA using the following contact details:
• Website: https://www.gov.kz/memleket/entities/mfa-riyadh?lang=kk
• Tel: +966 11 480 6406 
• Fax: +966 11 480 9106 
•    Email: riyadh@mfa.kz

The list of contact persons of the Embassy of Kazakhstan in the UK can be viewed on the official website of the Embassy of Kazakhstan in the UK - https://www.gov.kz/memleket/entities/mfa-london/about/structure?lang=ru

J.M. Saduakasov zh.saduakassov@mfa.kz
A.K. Serik a.serik@mfa.kz

You can call or write an e-mail to the Embassy at the specified contacts on the website: https://www.gov.kz/memleket/entities/mfa-paris/contacts?lang=kk

There is no trade mission of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the Republic of Belarus.
Embassy of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the Republic of Belarus ave. Winners 67, Minsk, 8 017 276-01-10

To obtain the necessary information, you must directly contact the Embassy of the Republic of Kazakhstan in Portugal (tel.: +351 211 621 690 , e-mail: lisbon@mfa.kz ,)

Requests should be sent to japan@mfa.kz , +81-33589-1821

To get a list of current contact details of representatives of the Embassy of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the Republic of Tajikistan, you can contact the Office of the Embassy of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the Republic of Tajikistan by phone +992-37-221-89-40 or by e-mail dushanbe@mfa.kz

The current list of contact details of the Embassy of the Republic of Kazakhstan in RI is provided at the following link: https://www.gov.kz/memleket/entities/mfa-jakarta/about/structure?lang=ru.

Ahmed Kudaibergenov – 3rd Secretary of the Embassy of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the UAE
Tel.: +7 702 908 92 91, +971 50 824 03 53
Email: a.kudaybergenov@mfa.kz

The list of employees of the Embassy of the Republic of Kazakhstan is posted on the official Internet resource:
https://www.gov.kz/memleket/entities/mfa-bern/about/structure?lang=ru

At the moment, there are no trade representative offices of Kazakhstan in Switzerland.

Kazakhstan's trade representative offices in Latvia are not registered.

Perhaps. Website of the Embassy of the Republic of Kazakhstan in Hungary:
• https://www.gov.kz/memleket/entities/mfa-budapest?lang=ru

There are no representatives of business or private businessmen from Kazakhstan in the host country.
Contact person of the Embassy of the Republic of Kazakhstan in Kuwait: B.K. Nugerbekov, Embassy Adviser on Economic Issues. tel: +965-6704-2545, email: beibit3737@gmail.com

https://www.gov.kz/memleket/entities/mfa/page/contacts/kontakty-zagranuchrezhdeniy-kazahstana?lang=ru 
https://www.gov.kz/memleket/entities/mfa-delhi/about/structure?lang=ru

Address: Sofia, St. Cyril and Methodius str. 37
Office: +359-2-862-41-70, e-mail: sofia@mfa.kz; 
Ambassador's reception: +359-2-862-41-70;
Economic issues: Second Secretary, Konstantin V. Vorobyov, tel.: + 359-2-862-41-55, e-mail: k.vorobyov@mfa.kz;
Political issues: Second Secretary, Dauren Nurzhanovich Rakhmetov, tel.: +359-2-862-41-70, e-mail: rakhmetov@mfa.kz; 
Consular questions: Third Secretary, Aitzhanov Meram Bauyrzhanovich, tel.: +359-2-862-41-52; e-mail: m.aitzhanov@mfa.kz

An up-to-date list of contact details of representatives of Kazakhstan in foreign missions can be obtained through the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Kazakhstan or the Embassy of Kazakhstan.

All the necessary information is available in open sources.
You can also get acquainted with the information on the Embassy's website - https://www.gov.kz/memleket/entities/mfa-singapore
or on Facebook:
https://ru-ru.facebook.com/KazakhstanEmbassy/

Official Austrade Website www.austrade.gov.au

Target Enterprise Development Institution EAS www.eas.ee
Department of Statistics of Estonia www.stat.ee
Regular economic reviews of major banks in Estonia: www.seb.ee and www.swedbank.ee

https://www.nbs.sk/sk/dohlad-nad-financnym-trhom 

1. On the website of the Italian Agency for Trade and Investment: https://www.ice.it/en/
2. On the website of the General Confederation of Italian Industry, abbreviated Confindustria (ital. Confederazione generale dell'industria italiana, Confindustria): https://www.confindustria.it/en

https://www.sec.gov/ 
https://www.usa.gov
https://usafacts.org/ 
https://www.census.gov/ 
https://www.ipums.org/ 
https://www.data.gov/

Ministry of Economy and Sustainable Development of Croatia https://investcroatia.gov.hr/en/;
- Statistical Office of Croatia https://www.dzs.hr/

All the necessary information is available on the following sites
https://www.government.se/government-of-sweden/ministry-of-enterprise-and-innovation/
https://www.government.se/government-of-sweden/ministry-of-finance/
https://www.government.se/government-of-sweden/ministry-for-foreign-affairs/
https://www.government.se/government-of-sweden/ministry-of-infrastructure/
https://www.government.se/government-of-sweden/prime-ministers-office/
https://www.government.se/government-of-sweden/ministry-of-the-environment/
https://www.government.se/government-of-sweden/ministry-of-health-and-social-affairs/
https://www.government.se/the-government-offices /
or on the website https://www.business-sweden.com/

Federal Statistical Office of Germany (www.destatis.de ), Federal Ministry of Economy and Energy (www.bmwi.de ) and the Agency "German Trade & Invest" (www.gtai.de ).

https://business.com.tm/ru/
https://turkmenportal.com/blog/novosti/biznes
http://www.turkmenbusiness.org/
https://arzuw.news/

Information can be obtained from the following resources:
1.    KPMG - https://home.kpmg/sa 
2.    Deloitte - https://www2.deloitte.com/sa/en 
3.    Fitch Solutions - https://www.fitchsolutions.com/topic/saudi-arabia
4.    Capital Market Authority - https://cma.org.sa/en/Market/Pages/Research.aspx
5.    Jadwa Investment - http://www.jadwa.com/en
6.    Market Research Saudi Arabia - https://www.marketresearchsaudi.com/
7.    Arabian Business Magazine - https://www.arabianbusiness.com/ksa
8.    Radius Global Market Research - https://radius-global.com/
9.    International Data Corporation (IDC) - https://www.idc.com/getdoc.jsp?containerId=META45207620 
10.    Shaker Consultancy Group - https://www.shakergroup.com/

The main information resources on the country's market is the UK government website gov.uk , where you can get various information for doing business and trading, as well as information on investments.
https://www.gov.uk/business-and-industry/trade-and-investment 
https://www.great.gov.uk/international/invest/ 
https://www.great.gov.uk/international/trade/

By hyperlink: www.rs.ge www.geostat.ge

http://www.tazabek.kg, https://www.akchabar.kg, https://economist.kg

https://lafrenchtech.com/en / and any other information and news portal. In each of the following, market conditions are periodically analyzed in the context of economic sectors, including IT. 
1)    Lefigaro.fr
2)    Lemonde.fr
3)    Lesechos.fr
4)    Ifri.org
In some cases, a subscription and knowledge of the French language are required.

https://primepress.by/analitika/
https://uniter.by/service/studies/
https://www.belstat.gov.by/
https://www.nbrb.by/
https://marketing.by/analitika/

On the website of the Portuguese Investment and Foreign Trade Agency (AICEP, Agência para o Investimento e Comércio Externo de Portugal) https://portugalglobal.pt/PT/InvestirPortugal/CriarEmpresa/Paginas/OInvestimentoEstrangeiroPortugal.aspx

https://www.meti.go.jp/english/data_report/index.html
https://www.jetro.go.jp/en/
https://www.jftc.go.jp/en/policy_enforcement/survey/index.html
https://www.caa.go.jp/en/policy/consumer_research/
https://www.stat.go.jp/english/

Analytical information on the IT market of Tajikistan is not published in local information resources. Information regarding the IT labour market can be obtained on the website of the Ministry of Labor and Social Protection of the Population of the Republic of Tajikistan: www.labour.tj
Analytical information regarding the market of IT technologies in the field of digital communications can be obtained from the Communications Service under the Government of the Republic of Tajikistan: 
Email: info@khadamotialoqa.tj   
Website: http://khadamotialoqa.tj/ru/glavnaya
tel: +992 37 223 11 53

Analytical information on the Indonesian market, including infographics, statistics, etc., can be found on the website of the Ministry of Commerce of the Republic of Indonesia: https://www.kemendag.go.id/en . There is also an opportunity to get acquainted with information on the latest trends in the Indonesian market on the websites of consulting companies: www.indobuyer.id ; www.brightindonesia.net ; www.cekindo.com ; www.investinindonesia.go.id ; www.permitindo.com .

Information on the country's market can be obtained on the website of the Ministry of Economy of the UAE https://www.economy.gov.ae/english/Pages/default.aspx

UAE Federal Center for Competitiveness and Statistics https://fcsc.gov.ae/en-us

On the websites of the UAE Chambers of Commerce and Industry 
https://uaechambers.com/ar/ 
https://www.abudhabichamber.ae/
https://www.dubaichamber.com/

Analytical reviews are available at the following addresses:
(by subscription)
www.nozare.lv Development and Investment Agency www.liaa.gov.lv 
Council of Foreign Investors of Latvia www.ficil.lv
Latvian Chamber of Commerce and Industry www.ltrk.lv

•    https://santandertrade.com/en/portal/analyse-markets/hungary/reaching-the-consumers 
•    https://www.ksh.hu/?lang=en 
•    https://www.focus-economics.com/countries/hungary 

1. National Bank of Malaysia (Bank Negara Malaysia) – https://www.bnm.gov.my/ 
2. Official Portal of the Department of Statistics of Malaysia (DOSM) – https://www.dosm.gov.my/ 
3. Unified information portal for small and medium–sized enterprises (SMEs) - https://www.smeinfo.com.my/ 
4. Institute of Labor Market Information and Analysis (ILMIA) – https://www.ilmia.gov.my/index.php/en /
5. Asean Has Risen – https://aseanup.com/market-analysis-malaysia/
6. Securities Commission of Malaysia – (https://www.sc.com.my/analytics )

https://www.doingbusiness.org/kuwait
https://home.kpmg/kw/en/home/insights/2021/06/doing-business-in-kuwait-2021.html
https://e.gov.kw/sites/kgoenglish/Pages/Visitors/DoingBusinessInKuwait/GoverningBodyOverView.aspx
http://www.kuwait.doingbusinessguide.co.uk/
https://www.ekcci.org.kw/newweb/#
https://uk.practicallaw.thomsonreuters.com/w-012-8167?transitionType=Default&contextData=(sc.Default)&firstPage=true

https://incometaxindia.gov.in/Pages/default.aspx
https://www.mca.gov.in/content/mca/global/en/home.html
https://www.investindia.gov.in/ 
https://commerce.gov.in/
https://www.makeinindia.com/
https://smartcities.gov.in/content/
http://www.startupindia.gov.in/
https://www.digitalindia.gov.in/
https://data.gov.in/
http://mospi.nic.in/
https://www.rbi.org.in/ 
https://www.oecd.org/economy/india-economic-snapshot/
https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/economy 
https://www.ibef.org/industry/information-technology-india.aspx

The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Bulgaria provides the following links on this issue:
https://www.mi.government.bg/bg/pages/macrobulletin-79.html 
https://www.investbg.government.bg/bg/pages/statistics-and-analyses-210.html 
https://www.sme.government.bg/?cat=46

Information about the Turkish market can be tracked on the following sites:

https://www.aa.com.tr/ru

https://www.dunya.com/

https://www.bloomberght.com/

https://www.ntv.com.tr/ekonomi

https://finans.mynet.com/

https://www.borsagundem.com/

https://www.ekomonitor.com.tr/

https://www.paraanaliz.com/

https://www.foreks.com/

https://www.paraborsa.net/

https://www.fortuneturkey.com/

As such, there is no single place to store/collect information about our companies. The embassy only knows a part of them, and then received from the owners or those who are on the consular account.

All information of interest about the owners, activities, activities, etc. can be obtained through the "ACRA" (Accounting and Corporate Regulatory Authority) if access is available, but it is not free.

There is no separate resource database with such information, the Tax and Customs Department of the ER is engaged in collecting statistical data on foreign enterprises.

There is no separate resource database with such information, the Tax and Customs Department of Slovakia is engaged in collecting statistical data on foreign enterprises.

Data on all registered legal entities of Croatia are contained in the Register of Justice. The online verification service is available at the link: https://sudreg.pravosudje.hr/registar/wwv_flow.accept
The consular department of the Embassy of Kazakhstan in Croatia does not have a single database of Kazakhstani companies. Only individuals are registered on the consular register.

Information about foreign companies registered in the RS is available in the authorized state body (Agency for Registration of Economic Entities). To receive it, a written request with an indication of the reason is required.

The Federal Ministry of Justice and Consumer Protection collects and stores information about all companies operating in the German market.

There is no database on Kazakhstani companies, since their representative offices are not represented in the KSA.

Since the collection of such data is not mandatory by law, private Kazakhstani companies may not inform the Embassy about their activities in the UK. In this regard, the Embassy does not have a corresponding database.

Established on March 26, 2021, with the support of the Embassy, the Kazakh-Georgian Economic Association (hereinafter – Kaz.ge ). Contact details: info@kaz.ge

There is no information about all Kazakhstani companies operating in the Kyrgyz market.

The Embassy has a list of companies operating jointly with French partners. At the moment, there are no such companies registered in the IT sector.

Given that Kazakhstani companies do not have requirements to notify the Embassy of the opening of their representative office in the Republic of Belarus, in this regard, a separate database for collecting information on them is not maintained. In this regard, Kazakhstani companies have the right to independently carry out activities abroad.

Branches and other permanent representations of foreign legal entities in Portugal are subject to mandatory registration in the Central Register of Legal Entities (RNPC).

https://www.jetro.go.jp/ttppoas/index.html

Tajik government agencies do not have a database of Kazakhstani companies operating in the country's market. At the same time, for such information, you can contact the Chamber of Commerce and Industry of the Republic of Tajikistan: website tpp.tj .

As of September 2021, official representative offices of Kazakhstani companies in Indonesia were not registered.

Information about all foreign companies, including Kazakhstani ones, is consolidated in the UAE Ministry of Economy, as well as in the UAE Chambers of Commerce and Industry.
This information can be obtained by sending an official request to the above institutions by contacting the Embassy of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

Register of Enterprises of Latvia (Lursoft.lv ) provides information on the total number of enterprises with capital from Kazakhstan. There is no separate database on the activities of enterprises from Kazakhstan on the territory of Latvia.

There is no such place.

At the moment, there is no information about Kazakh companies operating in the Malaysian market (except for the Representative Office of Air Astana).

To date, Kazakh companies are not registered in the host country.

The park in RI does not collect information about all Kazakhstani companies operating in the country's market.

There is no public state register of Kazakhstani companies. However, the Bulgarian Chamber of Commerce and Industry publishes its own Trade Register of companies that are members of the Chamber https://newregister.bcci.bg/edipub /.

In the system of the Turkish Chamber of Commerce, you can find the date of creation of the company, the registration address, the full name of the founders, the civil number of the participant and the general director, which division of the tax authority the company is assigned to, types of activities, the history of changes to the system (changes in the charter, appointment of general directors, etc.). It is technically impossible to recognize the participants of firms, registered by an anonymous beneficiary. Due to the shares transferred to the bearer, only the holder of the share can find out which share belongs to the latter, and only the owner of the share can find out where they are stored. Third parties who want to find out the true owner of the company's shares cannot even get information from the registrar company or accountant.

Any foreign entrepreneur who wants to get information about a company registered in Turkey can request it from the local trade register.

This organization has a database containing various information about all companies registered in Turkey. It is free to access the database, and data on Turkish companies can be obtained by registering on the website.

Employees of the Turkish Commercial Register are allowed to provide information about the name of the company, its official address, information about shareholders, equity, etc. More detailed information about the company can be obtained by contacting the local commercial register at the Chamber of Commerce.

There is an opportunity to assist in negotiations and establish contacts with the selected business circles of the RS. We can recommend persons who provide paid services in registering foreign companies in the RS.

The Consulate General of the Republic of Kazakhstan in Sydney is ready to provide information and consulting support

The Embassy can provide general advice.

The Embassy can provide general advice.

Full support and assistance through local government agencies.

In case of an official request, the Embassy of Kazakhstan in the USA can provide the necessary advice to citizens of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

Consular and information and advisory support.

Collection of information, search for potential partners, consultation, negotiations

The Embassy, through its partners represented by industry and regional business associations, can assist in finding a business partner, as well as, in case of difficulties during registration, apply for appropriate support from federal authorities.

1 - Search and provision of demand for Kazakhstani goods from potential buyers.
2 - Assistance in solving individual problems of exporters in the target market.
3 - Organization of individual B2B meetings with potential trading partners for the supply of domestic manufacturing products.
4 - Assistance in promoting potential exporters who have not previously exported to the target market.

The Embassy of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the KSA, within its competence and capabilities, can provide consular services, consulting assistance in finding potential partners, as well as assist in organizing meetings and negotiations with interested government agencies and companies in Saudi Arabia.

The Embassy of the Republic of Kazakhstan does not have the authority to provide legal support when opening a branch of a Kazakh company in the UK. The Embassy can provide advisory support, or officially contact the UK government agencies if the legal rights of a Kazakhstani investor are clearly violated. Private legal entities must independently submit the relevant documents through the registration chamber. Foreign firms wishing to open a business in the UK can also receive advice from the UK Department of International Trade on doing business in the country, gain access to market opportunity analysis and business and academic networks. More information can be found at the link https://www.gov.uk/register-as-an-overseas-company

Embassy using Kaz.ge We are ready to provide legal, informational, and marketing support to Kazakhstani companies in the host country.

The Embassy can provide advisory assistance or involve local specialists when registering companies in foreign countries.

Assistance in finding a local partner. There are contacts from the IT sphere, including accelerators from Station F.

On the territory of the Republic of Belarus, Kazakh companies open companies (representative offices) on the general approved grounds in accordance with the legislation of the Republic of Belarus.In this regard, Kazakhstani companies have the right to independently carry out activities abroad.

The Embassy can assist in organizing meetings with representatives of the Portuguese business community. In addition, in accordance with the legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan, the Consular Department of the Embassy of the Republic of Kazakhstan provides a number of state services of a consular and legal nature, as well as performs notarial actions.

Within the powers established by the Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan "On the Diplomatic Service", Decree of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated February 4, 2004 No. 1287 "On approval of the Regulations on the diplomatic and equivalent representation of the Republic of Kazakhstan".

The Embassy does not provide direct support when opening a company in Tajikistan. 
At the same time, in case of an appeal, the Embassy may offer a consulting firm, depending on the profile of the activity of a Kazakh company, for legal support of the procedure for opening a company in Tajikistan. When opening a Kazakh company on the territory of Tajikistan, the Embassy of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the Republic of Tajikistan receives a notification of acceptance of the notification of the opening of this company with the opening of current accounts in the Bank of Tajikistan. In accordance with the Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan "On the procedure for the treatment of individuals and legal entities", a copy of the Embassy's letter with a response to the appeal of a Kazakh company is sent to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Kazakhstan. This procedure is mandatory when opening a Kazakh company on the territory of any country.

According to the Regulations on the Diplomatic and Equivalent representation of the Republic of Kazakhstan, approved by the Decree of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated February 4, 2004 No. 1287, the Embassy of the Republic of Kazakhstan protects the rights and interests of the Republic of Kazakhstan, its citizens and legal entities, including by maintaining official contacts with the state authorities of the host state.
When individuals and legal entities of the Republic of Kazakhstan apply through the Ministry of Foreign Affairs or directly to the Embassy, the diplomatic mission, within its competence, assists in the promotion of Kazakhstani business.

The Embassy can provide advisory support to Kazakhstani entrepreneurs planning to open their companies in the territory of the host country.
In addition, if necessary, within the framework of established laws and regulations, the consular department of the Embassy provides consular and legal functions, including notarial actions, legalization, etc.

The opening of a company in Switzerland and all related issues are assigned to a potential entrepreneur.

The Embassy provides advisory assistance in finding possible partners, market research, opening an enterprise, hiring employees, the possibility of using support programs and others.

The Embassy of the Republic of Kazakhstan in Malaysia can provide consulting support on the issue of opening a company in Malaysia.

Contact details of the Embassy of the Republic of Kazakhstan in Malaysia – 115, Jalan Ampang Hilir, 55000, Kuala Lumpur, tel.: +603-4252-2999, Phone of the Consular Department – +603-4251-0728

Translate all necessary documents into the language of the host country, certify and legalize the necessary documents, send letters of assistance. Advisory support and assistance in establishing contacts.

The PRK in RI is the state body of foreign relations of the Republic of Kazakhstan, its highest diplomatic representation in the host country.
In its activities, the Embassy is guided by the provisions of the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations of 1961, the Vienna Convention on Consular Relations of 1963, the Constitution of the Republic of Kazakhstan, the legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Decrees of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan, resolutions and orders of the Prime Minister of the Republic of Kazakhstan, regulatory documents and instructions of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Regulations on the PRK in RI.
The main functions of the Embassy include:
- representative office of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the host country;
- protection of the interests of the Republic of Kazakhstan, its organizations, representatives, legal entities and citizens in the host country within the limits permitted by international law;
- conducting negotiations and maintaining official contacts with the state authorities of the host country;
- study by all legal means of the domestic political situation, the activities of state, governmental and other authorities, trends in political, economic and social development in the host country, its foreign policy, informing the President, the Cabinet of Ministers and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Kazakhstan about all this;
- promoting the development of friendly and mutually beneficial relations between the Republic of Kazakhstan and the host country in the field of economy, culture, science and other spheres;
- implementation of consular actions regulated by international legal norms and legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan;
- clarification in the host country of the substance and objectives of the foreign and domestic policy of the Republic of Kazakhstan;
- monitoring the implementation of treaties and agreements in which the Republic of Kazakhstan and the host country participate, including multilateral international treaties;
- patronage of relations and contacts with compatriots living in the host country.
The PRK in RI also assists official delegations and representatives of the Republic of Kazakhstan sent to the host country in carrying out their missions. Based on the results of their mission, it submits, if necessary, its considerations and conclusions to the interested state authorities and administration of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

The Embassy does not have the right to carry out private and individual activities in the individual interests of commercial organizations.
At the same time, the Embassy, in order to implement paragraph 5 of the Regulations on the Diplomatic and Equivalent Representation of the Republic of Kazakhstan, approved by Decree of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated February 4, 2004 No. 1287, in case of violation of the rights and interests of this legal entity of the Republic of Kazakhstan when opening a company in Bulgaria, may assist in protecting its rights and interests in within the framework of the Consular Charter of the Republic of Kazakhstan, approved by the Decree of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated April 25, 2016 No. 240.

The Embassy of the Republic of Kazakhstan in Turkey can provide protection of the interests of legal entities and citizens of Kazakhstan in the host country within the framework of international law and consular support.

You can write a letter to the Embassy of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the RS, addressing the consul.

The Consulate General of the Republic of Kazakhstan in Sydney is ready to provide information and consulting support

The Embassy can provide general advice.

Full support and assistance through local government agencies.

The necessary information can be obtained through the diplomats responsible for the development of trade and economic relations of the Embassy of the Republic of Kazakhstan in Italy: roma@mfa.kz , a.baisynov@mfa.kz , y.abdimanat@mfa.kz .

In case of an official request, the Embassy of Kazakhstan in the USA can provide the necessary advice to citizens of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

As of September 2021, associations and large Kazakhstani communities are not registered at the Embassy of the Republic of Kazakhstan in Croatia.

Association of Kazakhstan Youth: youth.kaz.sweden@gmail.com ; www.facebook.com/youthkazswe
Kazakh Diaspora – Head Murad Irmish (+46735329191)

It is necessary to apply to a foreign institution of the Republic of Kazakhstan (Embassy, Consulate General, Consulate, diplomatic mission).

Relevant information can be obtained by officially contacting the Embassy with an indication of specific organizations and/or areas of activity that have aroused interest.

Representative office of JSC KTZ in Turkmenistan.

It is necessary to contact the Embassy of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the KSA at the following contact details:
• Tel: +966 11 480 6406 
• Fax: +966 11 480 9106 
•    Email: riyadh@mfa.kz

To date, there are both official and unofficial Kazakh-British communities in the host country. Among them, the following can be highlighted: 
1) British-Kazakh Society (British-Kazakh Society, www.bksoc.org.uk ) was founded to strengthen bilateral relations between the UK and Kazakhstan in 2002. The Society plays an important role in maintaining relations between the two countries at the state level. The ambassadors of both countries are honorary presidents of the society. The Company offers corporate and individual membership, and takes an active part in highlighting trade and investment opportunities, as well as in the development of cooperation and mutual understanding between government agencies and businesses at all levels. Great attention is also paid to the support and development of cultural and educational exchange between the two countries.
2) Kazakhstan PhD Association in the UK (https://www.kpauk.org/ru /) was established in November 2017 in order to facilitate the interaction of scientists of the two countries in the field of science and education, as well as the development and implementation of evidence-based practice projects on sustainable development with a focus on the needs of Kazakhstan. The Association is the largest association of Kazakhstani scientists abroad, which includes more than 100 researchers–citizens of Kazakhstan participating in scientific projects in technical and engineering disciplines, medicine and biotechnology, business sciences, as well as humanities and social sciences.
3) InterNations is an online community of Kazakhstani emigrants living in the UK. https://www.internations.org/great-britain-expats/kazakhs

Contact the Kaz.ge . E-mail: info@kaz.ge

There are various groups on the Facebook social network that unite the Kazakh diaspora, including students and employees of various companies.

To date, only the Ata-Meken International Public Association operates on the territory of the Republic of Belarus, which, by the goals and objectives of the Charter, conducts cultural and educational work aimed at studying and promoting the Kazakh literary, musical, choreographic, fine arts, language, traditions and cultural riches of the Kazakh people. Ata-Meken is a member of the World Association of Kazakhs, is a member of the Interethnic Advisory Council under the Commissioner for Religious and Ethnic Affairs of the Council of Ministers of the Republic of Belarus, the Advisory Council of the Center for National Cultures of the Ministry of Culture of the Republic of Belarus.
All work is carried out closely with state bodies and public organizations, including the Belarusian Society of Friendship of Peoples ("House of Friendship") and museums named after Ya.Kupala, named after Ya.Kolas, the Great Patriotic War, the M. Auezov Secondary School in Minsk, the Embassy of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the Republic of Belarus, representatives of the press, television and radio broadcasting of Belarus and Kazakhstan.
The legal address of the Ata - Meken NGO is 79 Lobanka str., office 22, Minsk, 220019, Republic of Belarus. Phones: tel/fax (+375 17) 343 21 01; E-mail: moo.ata-meken@mail.ru .

To get the necessary information, please contact the Embassy of the Republic of Kazakhstan in Portugal directly (tel.: +351 211 621 690 , e-mail: lisbon@mfa.kz ).

https://www.oq.gov.kz/

To obtain this information, please get in touch with the Embassy of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the Republic of Tajikistan. According to the latest unofficial data, about 2 thousand Kazakhs live in the country. In addition, more than 2/3 are women married to Tajik citizens. 
Despite the specifics of the composition of the Kazakh diaspora in Tajikistan, the Embassy provides representatives of the diaspora with all possible support, including in learning their native language, enrolling in higher educational institutions of the country, holding the Independence Day of the Republic of Kazakhstan, celebrating Nauryz Meirama and other events.
To support compatriots, constant communication has been established with the chairman of the Kazakh National Public Association "Baiterek" Z.Saminova and its active members.
An important factor of cooperation in the field of education of the two countries is the referral of applicants within the allocated special quota by the Agreement between the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Tajikistan dated September 14, 2015. 
This quota is provided to young citizens of Tajikistan of Kazakh nationality. Assistance is provided in their admission to study under grants from the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
 Exhibitions "Days of Kazakhstan education" are held regularly.
The Kazakh National Public Association "Baiterek" delegation constantly participates in the World Kurultai of Kazakhs held in Kazakhstan.

As of September 2021, there are no large Kazakh communities, associations and other associations in Indonesia.

Founder of the Export Academy and Chairman of the Association of Exporters of the Republic of Kazakhstan – Gulmira Yusupova (tel.:+7 707 133 65 65 )

According to the information available at the Embassy of Kazakhstan in Switzerland, there are no such communities, associations and other associations on cooperation in the host country.

For business cooperation, you can contact the Baltic-Kazakhstan Association for Economic Development, for cultural cooperation: Abai Cultural and Information Center.

It is necessary to apply to a foreign institution of the Republic of Kazakhstan (Embassy, Consulate General, Consulate, diplomatic mission).

- Kazakh-Malaysian Business Council (https://www.mkbizcouncil.com /)
-    Consular Department of the Embassy of the Republic of Kazakhstan in Malaysia (+603-4251-0728)

As of October 2021, there are no Kazakh communities, associations and other associations in India.

By means of the public electronic register "BULSTAT": https://reports.bulstat.bg/bulstat-ireports/report.jsf ?x_rpt=rpt1

More detailed information on this issue can be obtained from the interested state body or the Embassy of Kazakhstan abroad.

Detailed information on the website: IPI Singapore

https://digital.org.au/

Patent Department of Estonia. The trademark registration fee is 145 euros per class if all goods or services covered by this mark belong to the same class (according to the Nice Classification). If not everyone fits the same class and there is a need to add other classes to the application, then you need to pay 45 euros for each added class. Thus, 145 euros + 45 euros for each added class. The fee must be paid within two months from the date of filing the trademark application.

The Office of Industrial Property of the Slovak Republic is engaged in copyright registration. Before obtaining copyright, you need to go through a sequential registration process, which includes: a patent application in the form provided by the intellectual property service; a copy of the work that meets the requirements of current copyright legislation; a documented certificate confirming the date and fact of publication of the work; documents confirming payment of the registration fee; confirmation of payment of the state fee for obtaining copyright evidence; a power of attorney for applying, if a lawyer carries out registration. 
Prices for all services are indicated by the link https://www.indprop.gov.sk/?patenty-spravne-poplatky.

You can apply for a patent in three different ways:

1. by filling out and submitting an online application;
2. by downloading the form to fill out, available at https://uibm.mise.gov.it/index.php/it/deposito-titoli/modulistica-per-il-deposito-cartaceo/86-normativa/2036082-domande;
3. By downloading the form to fill out and sending it to the following postal address: Ministero dello sviluppo Economico, Direzione generale per la tutela della proprietà Industriale - Ufficio Italiano Brevetti e Marchi (UIBM), via Molise, 19-00187 Rome.

Authorized body: Italian Patent and Trademark Office under the Ministry of Economic Development of the Italian Republic.

Email address: contactcenteruibm@mise.gov.it
Phone: (+39) 06 4705 5800. The service is available daily from Monday to Friday, except on public holidays.

The procedure for registration and registration of copyright in the United States is not mandatory. In accordance with the Copyright Act of 1976, all copyrighted works are automatically protected. However, the United States actively encourages and encourages the process of registration and registration of copyrights in the United States. The state fee for copyright registration varies from $ 35 to $ 140. Additional information on the website https://copyright.gov/

Registration of intellectual property rights in Croatia is the responsibility of the State Administration for the Protection of Intellectual Property. Foreign individuals and legal entities have the right to apply for registration of the relevant rights. The procedure, registration forms and other information are available on the Management's website at: https://www.dziv.hr/hr/

To register copyright, you must contact the Swedish Intellectual Property Office (Swedish Intellectual Property Office). Information regarding the list of required documents and the cost of registration can be found on the website of the Swedish Intellectual Property Protection Office:
https://www.prv.se/

German legislation considers confirmation of authorship as appropriate if the product was presented publicly on the territory of the country or another State party to the Berne and Geneva Conventions.
Copyright can be certified through a notary office with an entry in the register; copyright agencies and societies; judicial authorities in case of contesting the facts of illegal use by others.
Regulated by the "Copyright and Related Rights Act" (Urheberrechtsgesetz).

Law of Turkmenistan No. 257-IV of January 10, 2012
About copyright and related rights (with amendments and additions as of 10.12.2017)

Foreign copyrights in the KSA are protected by the World Copyright Convention and the Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works, of which Saudi Arabia and Kazakhstan are members. 
In 2019, the Saudi Intellectual Property Authority (SAIP) announced the launch of an additional registration service for the copyright system. The authority seeks to register works and documentation and create an electronic database for them. It should be noted that the results currently included in the service are computer software and applications, as well as architectural projects.
According to SAIP, when registering copyrights, its content mustn't violate the Islamic Sharia's provisions, the Kingdom's rulings or public morality.
According to SAIP, those wishing to apply can register through the electronic Management portal: https://www.saip.gov.sa /. This can be done by clicking the "Services" window, then the "Copyright" icon, filling in the necessary data, and attaching the works required for registration and related documents by the conditions, including payment of fees associated with the completion of the registration procedure.
The official fee for copyright registration is nominal and ranges from 50 to 400 Saudi riyals, that is, from 15 to 110 US dollars.

Copyright registration is handled by The Intellectual Property Office (The Intellectual Property Office, IPO), which is the official UK government body responsible for the registration and protection of intellectual property rights, including patents, industrial designs, trademarks and copyrights. This department is an executive agency under the Ministry of Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy of the United Kingdom.  Information about the list of necessary documents and the price of copyright registration can be found on the website https://www.gov.uk/apply-for-a-patent

https://matsne.gov.ge/ru/document/view/11470?publication=5 
Resolution of the Government of Georgia No. 182 of July 3, 2010 "On Approval of Tariffs for Services Related to Patenting, Registration and Deposit of Intellectual Property Objects".

Under the Ministry of Finance, Economy and Reconstruction of the FR, there is a Department for Legal Affairs - a Mission to support the intangible heritage of the state. This is a special body dealing with the registration and protection of copyright. In addition, there are various legal organizations specializing in providing legal services to foreign companies.

National Intellectual Property Center https://ncip.by/

Copyright for a product/trademark can be registered with the National Institute of Industrial Property (INPI). It should be borne in mind that copyright is valid only in Portugal.
The registration procedure is available on the Digital Platform of Justice https://justica.gov.pt/Servicos/Registar-marca-nacional.
The cost of services is given in the Decree of the Government of Portugal No. 580/2021 "Updating the rates of industrial property" 
https://dre.pt/web/guest/pesquisa/-/search/164797300/details/normal?q=Delibera%C3%A7%C3%A3o+580%2F2021

Japan Patent Office
https://www.jpo.go.jp/e/
What documents do I need to submit?
https://www.jpo.go.jp/e/system/process/shutugan/outline.html
How much does this registration cost?
https://www.jpo.go.jp/e/system/process/tesuryo/hyou.html

Copyright for a Kazakhstani product can be registered in the Department of copyright and related rights of the Ministry of Culture of the Republic of Tajikistan (Dushanbe, Rudaki Ave., 34).
For this purpose, the following documents are submitted: 1. An application indicating the registered product; 2. Recommendations of 2 independent experts in the field of IT technologies (the nationality of specialists does not matter). The cost of registering an IT technology product is 100 somoni.

To register the copyright of a foreign product in Indonesia, you must submit the following documents to the General Directorate for the Protection of Intellectual Property of the Republic of Indonesia (https://en.dgip.go.id ):
1) signed statement of intellectual property ownership with the stamp of a foreign legal entity;
2) statement of authenticity of works or works;
3) a copy of the tax identification number;
4) copies of the passport of the owner of the right.

Note: According to the International Property Rights Protection Index of 2020, Indonesia ranked 68th among 129 countries (12th out of 19 in the Asia and Oceania region) in terms of intellectual property protection in the world. The Indonesian government does not pay due attention to intellectual property rights protection, and many enterprises do not consider copyright a vital component. In this regard, copyright infringement cases in Indonesia are still common without any legal consequences. Most rights violations in Indonesia relate to software, film and music piracy.

The UAE Ministry of Economy is the competent authority for copyright registration in the UAE. To register the right, you can submit an online application on the Ministry's website.

https://www.ige.ch/en/

Copyright for a foreign product can be registered in a subordinate institution of the Ministry of Justice of Latvia in the Patent Office (www.lrpv.gov.lv ). The cost is from 90 to 150 euros.

To register a trademark, a competently written application is submitted to the office of the authorized bodies, in which the following points are mandatory:
•    Country of origin of the trademark;
•    Contact and personal data of the applicant;
• The image of the future trademark, transliteration, if it contains numbers or Latin letters, as well as the translation of the information on the sign into Hungarian;
•    A detailed description of the sign and an indication of its main elements that require protection;
•    Goods or services that are indicated by the sign;
•    Signatures of the applicant and his representatives.
The application must be accompanied by documents confirming the legality of using individual parts in the sign, which the country's office may request. It is necessary to translate all the documents and prevent potential consumers from being misled.
The registration fee is 1576 euros. (min. 460 euros)

Copyright is registered with the state corporation "Intellectual Property Corporation of Malaysia" (https://www.myipo.gov.my/en/home /).
List of required documents:
- Completed form (provided on site);
- Official statement (in any form);
-    A copy of the (author's) work;
-    A document confirming the ownership (if any);
- A receipt for payment of the registration fee. 
The cost of registration: from 95 to 115 Malaysian ringgit (from 9.500 to 11.500 tenge), depending on the type of work for which the copyright is issued.

Kuwait is a party to the Berne Convention. Kuwait Copyright Law No. 22 of 2016 is the applicable law governing copyright and related rights of individuals and legal entities. According to the Kuwaiti Copyright law, protection is granted to citizens and foreigners from participating in the Berne Convention.
The Kuwaiti Copyright Law protects any literary and artistic works subject to protection. Registration administration is entrusted to the National Library by the new law. The applicant must apply to the National Library with a copy of the work. The library has established the procedure for performing various types of work and an official fee. The library, as a rule, issues a depository number to applicants within 2-3 months after submitting an official application.
By the Copyright Law of Kuwait, the author, the owners, or their heirs, enjoy the exclusive right to use the copyrighted work. Financial and moral rights are protected from unauthorized use. The law provides for civil and criminal procedures to protect the rights of copyright holders.
By the Berne Convention, copyrighted works are protected without formal registration or deposit in the National Library; however, for prima facie claims to ownership, it is recommended to adopt a formal protection procedure.

The Indian Copyright Act provides copyright holders with a dual legal mechanism to enforce their rights. Enforcement is possible through -
i. The Intellectual Property Appeals Board and
ii. in the Courts.
The Copyright Act of 1957, which is merged with the Intellectual Property Appeals Board (from now on referred to as the "Appeals Board") by the Finance Act of 2017, entered into force on April 01, 2017. The Board of Appeal is charged with considering disputes related to copyright registration, copyright transfer, licensing of works withheld from publicly available, unpublished Indian works, production and publication of translations and works for specific purposes.
https://copyright.gov.in/frmIPAB.aspx

The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Bulgaria provides the following links on this issue: https://www.investbg.government.bg/bg/pages/10-industrial-and-intellectual-property-183.html 
https://www.bpo.bg

To carry out the international registration of a trademark, first of all, it is necessary to have a valid application or a registered trademark for the registration of a trademark at the appropriate office of the place of origin of the goods (TÜRKPATENT). An international trademark registration application must be submitted to the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) through TÜRKPATENT.

People who can benefit from the Madrid system

International application for trademark registration in a country that is a party to the Madrid Protocol;

The presence of a specific and compelling industrial or commercial institution.

* Or a resident of this country

Or it can be done by a natural or legal person who is a citizen of this country.

Madrid system; it cannot be used by individuals or legal entities who do not have the necessary links with a member of the Madrid system at the place of residence or citizenship. In a country outside the Madrid Union, it is impossible to protect a trademark.

Required documents

National application number for filing an international application by the Madrid Protocol https://epats.turkpatent.gov.tr/run/TP/EDEVLET/giris on the website, on the "My Page" tab in the "My Files" section, the process "international trademark application" should be written, selected as the process after the application. The following document should be added, and the process should be completed:

a) information indicating that WIPO has paid a fee for sending the request.

(b) The MM2 form submitted by WIPO, duly completed in English about the relevant request. (If the application is submitted in the USA, the MM18 form must also be sent.)

Upon completion of the transaction, the system directs users to TURKPATEN to pay a fee for notifying a WIPO application for an international trademark by the Madrid Protocol.

Forms

https://www.wipo.int/madrid/en/forms to / address you can access the MM2 form required for an international trademark application and all documents related to the requested changes in the global registry.

Perhaps. For these purposes, preliminary information about the essence of the project is needed, after which the Embassy will take into consideration through partner agencies and organizations of the RS. 

In order to take into account your decision-making, attention is drawn to the fact that the Singaporean side is jealous of personal data and its developments (emphasis is placed on the import of know-how and transfer of advanced technologies, but not transfer), and therefore tries to copy foreign analogues informally as much as possible within the competition for the title of a regional innovation centre. In fact, Singapore lags far behind China in terms of technology and innovation. At the same time, sparing no effort and money for your PR as a digital hub.

The Consulate General of the Republic of Kazakhstan in Sydney is ready to provide information and consulting support.

It is necessary to contact the Embassy using the contact details, with the provision of relevant information.

It may be necessary to contact the Embassy using the contact details, with the provision of relevant information.

Can. It is necessary to apply directly to the Embassy of the Republic of Kazakhstan in Italy:
Address: Via Cassia 471, 00189, Rome, Italian Republic
Contact phone numbers: (+39) 06 363 011 30
Fax: (+39) 06 362 926 75
Email address: roma@mfa.kz

To work out this issue, more detailed information from the initiator is needed. The Embassy is ready to provide, within its competence, the necessary advisory assistance if there is a specific request or suggestions that should be sent to the following email address: Zagreb@mfa.kz

The Embassy can arrange a meeting with interested enterprises of a foreign country for the presentation and promotion of already implemented software products that have proven themselves in Kazakhstan. There are no specific procedures.

If necessary, the Embassy can assist in establishing contacts with companies of the host country and/or accreditation. To do this, you need to make an appropriate request.

The Embassy can arrange meetings with the corresponding interest of the counter-partners. It is necessary to send a letter to the Embassy indicating specific companies and, if possible, their contact details.

If an official request is received, the PRK in Turkmenistan can assist in organizing meetings of representatives of domestic companies with the heads of enterprises of the host country.

The Embassy of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the KSA can assist in organizing the requested meetings within its competence and capabilities (only one diplomat is responsible for the trade and economic block). To do this, it is necessary to make an official request to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Kazakhstan and contact the responsible Embassy staff responsible for the trade and economic sector by phone: +966 11 480 6406 or Email: riyadh@mfa.kz.

Yes, the Embassy is ready to organize such a meeting. To do this, you need to contact the Embassy (all contact details are listed on the Embassy's website).

The Embassy is interested in organising meetings with interested enterprises of the host country for the presentation and promotion of Kazakh products. To do this, you need to officially contact the Embassy.

It is possible. Depending on the potential recipient of the product. If it is a government agency, then by agreement of the host country's Foreign Ministry.

The Embassy can organise presentations and meetings with potential partners. It is necessary to officially contact the Embassy with a presentation that includes a product or service, the scope of activity and the intended type of cooperation. After receiving the corresponding letter, the Embassy sends a request to potential partners (depending on the field of activity of the Kazakh company) and, if interested, organises the first contacts between the parties.

There is such a possibility. It is necessary to substantiate (request) the initiator-company through the relevant Kazakh agency (for example, through the ICRIAP RK) to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Further, according to the instructions of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Kazakhstan, the Embassy of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the Republic of Belarus will organise a corresponding event through the relevant departments of Belarus.

The Embassy of the Republic of Kazakhstan, within its competence, provides the necessary assistance in promoting domestic exports and attracting foreign investment in priority sectors of the domestic economy. With a corresponding request, it is necessary to contact the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Embassy of the Republic of Kazakhstan in Portugal (Contacts: Rua Pero da Covilh (20, 1400-297), D. (20, 1400-297).: +351 211 621 690, E-mail: lisbon@mfa.kz ).

Yes, within the framework of the events of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Assistance is also provided in participating in such events as https://video-pitch.com/tpost/bp424bazb1-kazakhstan-startup-pitch-day
If so, what are the procedures?
It is necessary to contact the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Kazakhstan, or directly to a foreign institution.
https://www.gov.kz/memleket/entities/mfa-tokyo/contacts?lang=ru

The organisation of meetings with interested enterprises of Tajikistan for the presentation and promotion of already implemented software products that have proven themselves in Kazakhstan is possible with the support of the Embassy, the executive office of the Chairman of Dushanbe and the state unitary enterprise "Smart City". Upon receipt of the relevant application from the Kazakh side, the Embassy may send a note to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Tajikistan with a request to assist in organizing relevant meetings and establishing direct contacts with Tajik enterprises of interest.

When individuals and legal entities of the Republic of Kazakhstan apply through the Ministry of Foreign Affairs or directly to the Embassy, the diplomatic mission, within its competence, can assist in organising presentations and promoting Kazakhstani software products, including by maintaining official contacts with the state authorities of the host state.

The Embassy can assist and coordinate the organisation of bilateral meetings with potential foreign partners. In order to organise meetings, it is necessary to send a corresponding request to the Embassy.

The Embassy represents the political, trade, economic and other interests of the Republic of Kazakhstan in relations with the countries of accreditation, and on behalf of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Kazakhstan can provide assistance within its competence.

First of all, it is necessary to send to the official mail of the Embassy of Kazakhstan in Latvia riga@fa.kz information with a description of the product, its photo, the wishes of the product owner, as well as additional information (whether there are licenses, registration documents for its sale in the EU). Further, the Embassy will send this information to potential foreign enterprises through the Latvian Chamber of Commerce and Industry.

If necessary, the Embassy can assist in establishing contacts with companies of the host country and/or accreditation. To do this, you need to make an appropriate request.

Yes. By sending an official request to the Chamber of Commerce of Kuwait to organize a meeting with an indication of the agenda, the topic of discussion, and the list of participants of the meeting.

At the official request of Kazakhstani companies or on behalf of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Kazakhstan, the PRK in RI can organize a meeting with interested Indian enterprises for the presentation and promotion of software products that have proven themselves in Kazakhstan.

The Embassy does not have the right to carry out private and individual activities in the individual interests of commercial organisations. In this regard, the organisation of meetings with Bulgarian companies is carried out by the interested legal entity of the Republic of Kazakhstan independently.
At the same time, the Embassy can assist in the promotion of Kazakhstani software products in the host country if there is a corresponding instruction from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

The Embassies of the Republic of Kazakhstan in Turkey can assist in organizing meetings with interested Turkish enterprises for the presentation and promotion of implemented software products that have proven themselves in Kazakhstan, provided the company applies and provides the necessary information. Contact person -First Secretary of the Republic of Kazakhstan in Turkey Asan Mazhitov (tel: +905313126748, WhatsApp: +77017778715, e-mail: a.mazhitov@mfa.kz

If there is a local partner, it is possible. RS gives special priority to its IT developments and promotion exclusively of its interests and under its brand "made in Singapore". 

The Embassy can assist in the selection of a local partner who is able to commercialise and promote our IT Services under a local brand.

The Consulate General of the Republic of Kazakhstan in Sydney is ready to provide information and consulting support.

The promotion of export services and products is carried out on the basis generally accepted in world practice, by concluding appropriate contracts with foreign companies or by establishing their own representative office.

The promotion of export services and products is carried out on the basis generally accepted in world practice, by concluding relevant contracts with foreign companies or by establishing its own representative office.

Possibly through the Embassy of the Republic of Kazakhstan in Italy:
Address: Via Cassia 471, 00189, Rome, Italian Republic
Contact phone numbers: (+39) 06 363 011 30
Fax: (+39) 06 362 926 75
E-mail:    roma@mfa.kz

Kazakhstan's foreign institutions in the USA are ready to provide the necessary support for the export of services from Kazakhstan to the USA.

To work out this issue, more detailed information from the initiator is needed. The Embassy is ready to provide, within its competence, the necessary advisory assistance if there is a specific request or suggestions that should be sent to the following email address: Zagreb@mfa.kz

It is possible to promote Kazakhstani IT services and products through authorised representatives in foreign countries. There are no specific procedures.

If necessary, the Embassy can provide the necessary assistance. To do this, you need to make an appropriate request.

The Embassy carries out economic activities within its competence. In case of an official request, the Embassy can contact German companies and business associations.

If an official request is received, the ERK in Turkmenistan can assist in the promotion of Kazakhstani IT services and products, including through the holding of videoconferencing and presentations.

The Embassy of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the KSA can assist in the promotion of Kazakhstani IT services and products within its competence and capabilities (only one diplomat is responsible for the trade and economic block). To do this, it is necessary to make an official request to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Kazakhstan and contact the responsible Embassy staff responsible for the trade and economic sector by phone: +966 11 480 6406 or Email: riyadh@mfa.kz

Yes, it is possible through the existing mechanisms for promoting Kazakh products and services, including the tools of Kazakhinvest JSC, authorized to prepare and send to the Embassy high-quality materials and business proposals (business plan, financial model, teasers, etc.) in English, which are then distributed by the Embassy among potential partners / buyers in the host country.

The promotion of Kazakhstani IT services and products can be implemented through the capabilities of Kaz.ge

The Embassy has contacts of companies working in the field of IT, who are interested in cooperation with Kazakhstani companies. It is necessary to send an official letter to the Embassy with a request to assist in establishing contacts with potential partners.

In the issue of promoting Kazakhstani IT services and products, cooperation with the Hi-Tech Park is possible. The procedures are described in detail on the Park's website: https://www.park.by/membership/advantages/

The Embassy of the Republic of Kazakhstan, within its competence, provides the necessary assistance in promoting domestic exports and attracting foreign investment in priority sectors of the economy. With a corresponding request, it is necessary to contact the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Embassy of the Republic of Kazakhstan in Portugal (Contacts: Rua Pero da Covilh (20, 1400-297), D. (20, 1400-297).: +351 211 621 690, E-mail: lisbon@mfa.kz ).

Yes, within the framework of the events of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Assistance is also provided in participating in such events as https://video-pitch.com/tpost/bp424bazb1-kazakhstan-startup-pitch-day
If so, what are the procedures?
It is necessary to contact the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Kazakhstan, or directly to a foreign institution.
https://www.gov.kz/memleket/entities/mfa-tokyo/contacts?lang=ru

In Tajikistan, this practice and the procedure associated with it have not been implemented.

When individuals and legal entities of the Republic of Kazakhstan apply through the Ministry of Foreign Affairs or directly to the Embassy, the diplomatic mission, within its competence, can assist in the promotion of Kazakhstani IT services and software products, including maintaining official contacts with the state authorities of the host state.

The Embassy can assist and coordinate the organisation of bilateral meetings with potential foreign partners. In order to organise meetings, it is necessary to send a corresponding request to the Embassy.

Perhaps, if IT services and products are competitive, a branch or subsidiary company is opened for this, which can search for customers and sell.

If necessary, the Embassy can provide the necessary assistance. To do this, you need to make an appropriate request.

Yes, it is possible. To do this, it is necessary that an authorised person in a foreign country has Malaysian citizenship or a valid work visa.

Perhaps. Depending on the product, it is necessary to establish links with a local company that will act as a partner.

At the official request of Kazakhstani companies or on behalf of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Kazakhstan, the ERK in RI can assist in the promotion of Kazakhstani IT services and products directly to companies, as well as through Honorary Consuls of the Republic of Kazakhstan in India and in countries concurrently (Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Maldives).

The Embassy of the Republic of Kazakhstan in Turkey is ready to provide the necessary support within the capabilities in this direction. Contact person -First Secretary of the Embassy of the Republic of Kazakhstan in Turkey in Turkey Asan Mazhitov (tel: +905313126748, whatsapp: +77017778715, e-mail: a.mazhitov@mfa.kz )

1. MFA SG
2. ACRA
3. SAL 
4. National references

There is currently no such database.

All legislative acts, regulations, norms, government resolutions, etc., including the commercial register, laws related to taxation, copyright, and technical regulations of various activities are published on the website of the "State Bulletin" (Riigi Teataja) https://www.riigiteataja.ee, this resource is also referred to by the relevant government departments and institutions when reproducing the text of a particular legislative act.

https://www.podnikajte.sk/zivnost/zivnostenske-podnikanie-cudzincov-slovensko?utm_source=fb_status&utm_medium=fb_status_2019-04-09&utm_term=start-podnikania&utm_content=zivnost&utm_campaign=Tuesday&fbclid=IwAR2yEcisaZ3hDju7F5JQ14Bf8rKps7vwGrnBPx4O8cOpujoey6R2cQluakQ 

The database with laws is unique for each state. However, all federal acts and most state acts can be found on the website of the Library of Congress https://www.loc.gov

Information is available on the website of the Ministry of Economy and Sustainable Development of Croatia https://investcroatia.gov.hr/en/

The database of all regulatory legal acts regulating business activities, including, is available on the website of The Swedish Code of Statutes:
https://www.svenskforfattningssamling.se/english.html

There is no single legislative base of laws regulating the entrepreneurial activity of foreign legal entities. It is possible to get acquainted with all the necessary documents in German, as well as with some NPA in English on the official electronic resource of the legislative base (www.gesetze-im-internet.de ) relevant bodies of the Federal Republic of Germany (Federal Ministry of Justice and Consumer Protection, Federal Department of Justice).
An online resource is also available www.buzer.de.

THE LAW of TURKMENISTAN dated October 1, 1993 No. 863-XII "On Entrepreneurial activity" (As amended by the Laws of Turkmenistan dated 18.04.2009, 28.02.2015, 26.03.2016 No.386-V, 04.11.2017 No. 636-V, 20.10.2018)

Yes, it exists. All the necessary legislative frameworks can be found on the website of the Ministry of Commerce of the KSA, which has 60 laws and regulations - https://mci.gov.sa/en/Regulations/Pages/default.aspx

The general Rules governing the business activities of foreign legal entities in the UK are posted on https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/overseas-companies-in-the-uk-registration-filing-and-disclosure-obligations/overseas-companies-registered-in-the-uk

This issue is mainly regulated by the Law of Georgia on Entrepreneurs, as well as on the promotion and guarantees of investment Activities.
The Law of Georgia on Entrepreneurs
https://matsne.gov.ge/en/document/download/28408/49/ru/pdf 
The Law of Georgia on the Promotion and Guarantees of Investment Activity
https://matsne.gov.ge/ru/document/view/33304?publication=13

http://cbd.minjust.gov.kg/

https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/section_lc/LEGITEXT000005634379/LEGISCTA000006161452/

Note: knowledge of French is required

The official Internet portal of the Ministry of Justice of the Republic of Belarus: https://minjust.gov.by/directions/unified_state_register/main_regulatory_legal/
Official website of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Belarus: http://nalog.gov.by/ru/nalogooblazhenie-inostrannyh-organizaciy/
Official website of the State Customs Committee of the Republic of Belarus: https://www.customs.gov.by/ru/
National Legal Internet Portal:  https://pravo.by/

The entire legislative base of the Portuguese Republic is available on the website of the Electronic Journal of the Republic https://dre.pt /. A separate selection can be found on the website of the Agency for Investment and Foreign Trade of Portugal (AICEP, Agência para o Investimento e Comércio Externo de Portugal) https://portugalglobal.pt

https://www.jetro.go.jp/en/invest/setting_up/

There is no separate database with laws regulating the entrepreneurial activity of foreign legal entities in Tajikistan. At the same time, the norms regulating the entrepreneurial activity of foreign legal entities are fixed in the legislative acts of the country covering the sphere of entrepreneurship.

The database of regulatory legal acts of Indonesia, including laws regulating the business activities of foreign legal entities, is available on the website of the Ministry of Justice and Human Rights of the Republic of Indonesia: https://peraturan.go.id/uu.html .

Information can be obtained on the website of the Ministry of Economy of the UAE https://www.economy.gov.ae/english/Pages/default.aspx

On the official resource of the UAE Government 
https://u.ae/en/information-and-services/finance-and-investment/foreign-direct-investment

There is no single database. There are federal laws and there are cantonal laws – they are published on federal and cantonal websites.

Laws regulating entrepreneurial activity are available on the official website of the Latvian legislations www.Likumi.lv (English yaz.)

•    https://wtsklient.hu/en/2020/10/19/2021-tax-law-amendments/ 
•    https://wtsklient.hu/en/2020/11/26/2021-tax-amendments/
•    https://home.kpmg/hu/en/home/insights/2020/08/taxalert-2020-08-18.html

1.    MyGovernment (https://www.malaysia.gov.my/portal/index)
2.    Malaysian Investment Development Authority (https://mida.gov.my/)

Kuwait E-Government Portal
https://e.gov.kw/sites/kgoenglish/Pages/Visitors/DoingBusinessInKuwait/GoverningBodyOverView.aspx
https://e.gov.kw/sites/kgoenglish/Pages/Business/InfoSubPages/LawsAndRegulations.aspx
https://e.kdipa.gov.kw/main/E012016.pdf
https://www.doingbusiness.org/content/dam/doingBusiness/country/k/kuwait/KWT.pdf

page 52 «Doing Business in India: Investors Guide 2020-21».

There is no Bulgarian Legal Portal, however, which publishes all regulatory legal acts. https://www.lex.bg/guide

Regulation Of The Application Of The Law On Foreign Direct Investment

https://www.mevzuat.gov.tr/mevzuat?MevzuatNo=4396&MevzuatTur=7&MevzuatTertip=5

In case of successful registration of the company, the registrar will send an official notification by e-mail confirming the registration of the company. This electronic notification includes the company's registration number and is considered an official certificate of registration of the company in Singapore. The printed version of the certificate of incorporation in Singapore is no longer issued by default because the country has switched to electronic document management. However, if you prefer to have a paper copy, you can make an online request to the Registrar's company and for a small additional fee, they will make a printed version for you, which you can pick up from the Registrar's office. 

Business profile of the Company (BIZFile)

For a small surcharge, you can also get a company business profile (PDF file), which contains detailed information about the company:
1. Company name and registration number.
2. Previous company names (if any).
3. Date of registration.
4. Main activities.
5. Authorized capital.
6. Legal address.
7. Data on shareholders.
8. Information about directors.
9. Information about the company secretary.
 
Electronic versions of the company registration certificate and the company's business profile are the two main documents required for the company's legal actions in Singapore.
 
Additional documents that you need to receive when registering a company:
1. Share certificates for each of the shareholders
2. Certificate of distribution of the company's shares among shareholders
3. Company seal 
4. Company stamp

General requirements for obtaining all types of licenses in Singapore: 

1. The company must be officially registered in Singapore,
2. Both the local director of the company and another person authorized by the director/mi of the company to conduct business on behalf of the company can apply for a license,
3. A complete set of documents required to obtain a specific license.
4. Initial license fee and annual (every 1-2 years depending on the license) license renewal

A patent for an invention in Australia can be obtained by filing an application for a national patent with the Australian Patent Office (www.ipaustralia.gov.au ).
The validity period of a patent for an invention in Australia is 20 years from the date of filing the application. At the request of the patent holder, the validity of a patent for an invention related to a medicinal product may be extended, but not for more than five years.
The procedure for patenting an invention in Australia lasts approximately 6 years.
The database of patents for inventions registered in Australia and applications filed is available at the link.

With the exception of hotel areas of activity (communications, cryptocurrencies, etc.) that require hotel permits and registration with authorised supervisory authorities (Department of Technical Supervision and Consumer Protection, Financial Inspection), a special permit or license is not required to conduct entrepreneurial activities in the IT field in Estonia.

The grant of a patent for an invention requires filing an application with the Office of Industrial Property of the Slovak Republic, Svermova 43, 974 04 Banska Bystrica. Submission of documents is carried out in written, paper or electronic form in the state language. https://www.indprop.gov.sk/?informacia-pre-prihlasovatela-patentu

On general grounds.

Several different options for doing business in Italy are available thanks to a variety of reforms aimed at optimizing and simplifying the procedures necessary to open and conduct business in Italy. A business can work as an individual entrepreneur or as a company. Both organizations are regulated by the Italian Civil Code.

A person can conduct business either as an individual or by creating a new company or by buying shares/quotes in an existing company. Such opportunities are available to both European and non-European citizens.

There is a wide range of legal forms available for the creation of companies, the main of which are:

Srl ( Società a responsabilità limitata ) - limited liability company;
SPA ( Società per Azioni ) - joint stock companies (limited liability company).
The partnership is not a legal entity, although under Italian law it is still a form of company. Main types:

Snc ( Società in nome collettivo ) - full or unlimited partnership;
Sas ( Società incommitita semplice ) is a limited partnership. 
In 2017, almost half of all limited liability companies established in Italy were of the simplified type: a simplified limited liability company (Srls) is a form of "Srl" introduced to encourage young entrepreneurship thanks to a minimum authorized capital of 1 euro, up to 9,999.99 euros, no notary fees and a shorter the constituent process.

To obtain a license, certificate or patent, you must contact the Swedish Intellectual Property Office (Swedish Intellectual Property Office) - https://www.prv.se/

The legislation of the Republic of Serbia does not require obtaining a license, certificate or patent when doing business in the IT field.

The German Patent and Trademark Office (DPMA) deals with the issue of patents.
The registration of types of activities is handled by the Office for Business Affairs (Gewerbeamt).

LAWS OF TURKMENISTAN: On business activity, On legal regulation of the development of the Internet and the provision of Internet services in Turkmenistan, On communications, On information and its protection

The electronic service for obtaining patents is provided by the Intellectual Property Office of Saudi Arabia (SAIP) at the link: https://www.saip.gov.sa/en/services/#patent
The term of patent protection is up to 20 years from the date of filing the application.

To obtain a license, certificate or patent for entrepreneurial activity in the IT field, it is necessary to notify the Information Commissioner's Office. The cost of the application: from 40 to 2900 pounds. More detailed information: https://ico.org.uk/for-organisations/data-protection-fee/

The areas requiring a license or permit are defined by the Law of Georgia on Licenses and Permits
https://matsne.gov.ge/ru/document/view/26824?publication=87

https://www.sti.gov.kg/e-%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82

It is necessary to submit documents to the appropriate authority in accordance with the information provided on the website: https://www.inpi.fr/fr/comprendre-la-propriete-intellectuelle/le-brevet

Note: knowledge of French is required

This is not a licensed activity. A license is required only for cryptography and telecommunications.

The certification of SMEs is carried out by the Agency for Competitiveness and Innovation IAPMEI, which provides the service in electronic form and certifies compliance with all necessary criteria (https://www.iapmei.pt/PRODUTOS-E-SERVICOS/Qualificacao-Certificacao/Certificacao-PME.aspx ).

https://www.jetro.go.jp/en/invest/setting_up/

The procedure for obtaining a permit to conduct business in the field of IT is the same as for other activities.  In accordance with the Law of the Republic of Tajikistan dated May 19, 2009 "On State Registration of legal Entities and individual entrepreneurs", state registration of legal entities (including foreign ones), their branches and representative offices, as well as individual entrepreneurs is carried out by the tax authority.
To facilitate the process of business registration, the Government of the Republic of Tajikistan has organized state registration on the principle of "Single Window", which is carried out by all tax authorities at the national, regional and district levels.
The following documents must be submitted for registration:
• application for state registration in the prescribed form. 
The application must specify: the legal form of the legal entity; the name in the state language; location; method of formation of the legal entity (creation or reorganisation), information about the founder and head of the legal entity; the main type of entrepreneurial activity).
• resolution of the founders on the establishment of a legal entity (with the signatures of the founders).
• a copy of the passport of the general director of the legal entity.
• receipts for payment of the state registration fee.
In accordance with the above Law, registration must be completed within five working days from the date of submission of all documents.
To obtain the statistics code, the applicant must visit the Agency for Statistics under the President of the Republic of Tajikistan. The statistics code together with the certificate of state registration are prerequisites for opening bank accounts and other administrative procedures.
In addition to the certificate of registration and the taxpayer's individual number (TIN), a statistics code and social protection and pension security number (INS) are issued.
The number of Social Protection and Pension Provision (INS) can be obtained from the Ministry of Labor and Social Protection of the Republic of Tatarstan.
Legal entities must register within 30 days after state registration. More detailed information about the INS can be found on the website of the Ministry of Labor and Social Protection of the Population of the Republic of Tajikistan: www.labour.tj

To obtain a license, certificate or patent for entrepreneurial activity, including in the IT field, in Indonesia, you must submit the following documents to the RI Investment Coordinating Council (BKPM):
1) a copy of the permit for the investment of a foreign company in this area;
2) a copy of the constituent act of a foreign company;
3) a copy of the passports of the founders of a foreign company;
4) a copy of the domicile letter, tax and business identification number;
5) a copy of the contract/lease of business premises and a certificate from the owner of the building (if available).
Additional documents may be requested at the request of the RI Investment Coordination Council. It is also possible to submit documents online through the portal https://oss.go.id /.

In the open sources of the UAE, there is no information about the registration of entrepreneurial activity in the IT sphere. Nevertheless, information about the launch of entrepreneurship, in general, can be obtained on the website of the Ministry of Economy of the UAE (https://www.economy.gov.ae/english/reg-auth/Pages/default.aspx )

As a rule, licenses, certificates or patents are not required for the IT sphere. Licenses are required if the IT sphere concerns regulated markets - financial activities, cryptocurrencies, and the pharmaceutical industry.

In Latvia, a separate license or patent is not required.

A citizen of a third country who has a Hungarian residence permit can become a private entrepreneur. The sole proprietor bears unlimited liability with all their property for obligations arising during the operation of the business.
At the initial stage, it is necessary to take care of sending a notification about the start of the activity. This can be done both via the Internet and in person by visiting a government institution. At the same time, the following documents must be provided together with the notification:
• identity document (passport);
• a document confirming the right to reside in the country (for citizens of third countries);
• tax number.
It is also necessary to specify the activity code. After submitting the notification, the applicant's data will be entered into the register and they will receive a certificate. The certificate will contain the following information: personal data of a private entrepreneur, their tax number, registration number, and the selected type of activity. The permit of an individual entrepreneur, which until recently was a mandatory paper, is now issued only on request and free of charge.
After the certificate is issued, a private entrepreneur can start working legally. Previously, the sole proprietor must register with the tax authorities. This process is free and lasts up to 15 days. To do this, use form no. T101E. Next to their name and signature, a Hungarian sole proprietor must indicate his registration number and his vállalkozók (or its abbreviated form — "e.v.").
Within 30 days after registration as an individual entrepreneur, the authorized body will check whether the specified activity corresponds to reality. If violations are detected, then a fine will be imposed on a private entrepreneur for providing false data.

1. Open and register a company with all appropriate authorities
2. Contact the authorised body – the Digital Economy Corporation of Malaysia (Malaysia Digital Economy Corporation, https://mdec.my /) and submit an application to receive an application (a special license is provided for the IT sphere - Multimedia Super Corridor (MSC) License)
3. Collect all the necessary documents: 
-    Company Registration Certificate;
-    A copy of the business plan of the organisation;
-    A copy of the founder's passport;
- Passport-sized photo of the founder;
-    A copy of the lease agreement/contract of sale of non-residential premises;
- Photos and the master plan of the commercial premises; 
- Photos of the intended place of your company's signage (to obtain a license for the signage), as well as a developed design project of signage, billboards, etc.; 
-    A copy of the certificate of suitability of the premises for business; 
-    A copy of the letter of work permit from the fire safety service.  
4. Pay all fees for obtaining a business license;
5. Pass a business check from authorised bodies (if necessary, authorised bodies can visit the company at the registered address to verify the compliance of all data specified in the documents with the real state of things);
6. The process of obtaining a business license takes on average from one month to six months.

By submitting the necessary documents and an application to the official portal of the electronic government of Kuwait. Requirements and conditions depend on the category and type of product.
https://e.gov.kw/sites/kgoenglish/Pages/Business/InfoSubPages/LicenseAndPermits.aspx
https://uk.practicallaw.thomsonreuters.com/w-012-8167?transitionType=Default&contextData=(sc.Default)&firstPage=true
Consulting services of local law firms
https://kuwaithelplinegroup.com/trading-license-in-kuwait/
http://kuwaitmark.com/practice/licensing/

The Patent Cooperation Treaty (Treaty) is an international treaty with more than 150 Contracting States that are bound by certain formal requirements set out in the Treaty and Rules. The agreement allows seeking patent protection of an invention simultaneously in a large number of countries by filing a single international patent application instead of filing several separate national or regional patent applications. However, the grant of patents remains under the control of national or regional patent offices after the relevant national phase application has been filed and the national phase application has been evaluated in accordance with the patent laws of that jurisdiction. According to the Indian Patents Act 1970 as amended and the Patent Regulations 2003 as amended by the Rules (Amendments) 2016, any international application for a Contract may be filed with the indication of India, and it is considered Indian if a corresponding application has also been filed at the national level.
https://ipindia.gov.in/writereaddata/Portal/Images/pdf/Final_FREQUENTLY_ASKED_QUESTIONS_-PATENT.pdf

See page 6 "Setting up Business in India".

The procedure for obtaining permits is described on the official Internet resource of the Patent Office of the Republic of Bulgaria https://www.bpo.bg/bg/obekti/sertifikati-za-dopalnitelna-zakrila/vazmozhnost-za-izdavane-na-sertifikat.

It is impossible to obtain a patent for any software in Turkey. But you can get a software license. A software license can be obtained through intermediary legal entities that provide consulting services for software licensing.

Singapore Business Foundation (SBF) and Enterprise Singapore support local joint ventures and companies to promote their activities both domestically and abroad

Official Austrade Website www.austrade.gov.au

• Support for starting a business, or EVAT. This is an allowance issued by the Estonian Unemployment Insurance Fund, the amount of which is 4474 euros. This is probably the most flexible form of support, the main purpose of which is to motivate and support aspiring entrepreneurs.
• Starter Manual (State Support Service Center, or RTK). Starting from April 2019, start-up allowances are issued by the State Support Services Center, previously this was done by the Estonian Entrepreneurship Development Fund EAS. The starting allowance is limited to the amount of 15,000 euros, enterprises can apply for it if no more than 24 months have passed since their foundation. The share of self-financing is 20%.
• Export support for the Creative Industry (EAS). The amount of the export allowance is 50,000 euros. The share of self-financing is 30%. The main purpose of the benefit is to support the rapid growth of the enterprise, therefore, the recipient of the benefit must increase the profit from sales by at least twice the amount of the benefit in two years (for example, if he applies for 50,000 euros, then his growth in two years should be at least 100,000 euros).
• Development and Innovation Share (EAS)
Start-ups and small businesses can apply for two types of support from EAS, the purpose of which is cooperation with scientific organizations, in the field of intellectual property and product development.
- The size of the innovative share is 4000 euros. Its purpose is to finance the purchase of services of scientific institutions. The share of self-financing of the enterprise should be 20%.
- The size of the development share is 20,000 euros. In addition to purchasing the services of scientific institutions, this allowance allows you to cover other costs associated with the project. More detailed conditions are available on the EAS page. The share of self-financing is 30%.

Business support in Slovakia is mainly carried out through various subsidies. However, Euro funds are not their only source. EU subsidies for entrepreneurship are suitable for certain types of companies but are practically unattainable for startups.

https://www.ice.it/en/invest/business-italy

The United States provides benefits and supports many startups through government grants. More information about government grants can be found on the websites https://www.sba.gov, https://www.usa.gov and https://www.grants.gov/

The following grant and loan programs are available for entrepreneurs registered in Croatia:
1. ESIF Mikro Investicijski zajam (ESIF Microinvestment Loan)
Available to Croatian and foreign legal entities registered in Croatia.
Detailed information on the link: https://hamagbicro.hr/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Program-ESIF-mikro-investicijski-zajmovi.pdf
2. ESIF Mali zajam (ESIF Small Loan), a micro-credit loan program. For more information, follow the link: https://hamagbicro.hr/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Program-ESIF-mali-zajmovi.pdf
3. Poticaji pri zapošljavanju osoba s invaliditetom (Support for self-employment of people with disabilities). For more information, follow the link: https://www.zosi.hr/docs/program_poticaja_pri_zaposljavanju_osoba_s_invaliditetom_20212023.pdf  
4. Subsidies from the administration of the city of Rijeka. For more information, follow the link: https://www.rijeka.hr/announcement/javni-poziv-za-podnosenje-prijava-za-dodjelu-nepovratnih-subvencija-iz-opceg-programa-mjera-poticanja-razvoja-poduzetnistva-na-podrucju-grada-rijeke-2/ 
5. Potpore za pripravništvo (Employment allowance for obtaining the first work experience / internship). For more information, follow the link: https://mjere.hr/katalog-mjera/potpora-za-stjecanje-iskustva-realni-sektor /
6. Financial support of the National Fund for the Development of Civil Society. For more information, follow the link: https://www.financijskepodrske.hr/ 
7. Poduzetništvo mladih, žena i početnika (Entrepreneurship of youth, women and beginners). For more information, follow the link: https://www.hbor .hr/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/Op%C4%87i-kriteriji-prihvatljivosti_10.1.2020.pdf 
Programs of European institutions and foundations are also available.
Information on measures to support and encourage foreign investors is available on the website of the Ministry of Economy and Sustainable Development of Croatia. For more information, follow the link: https://investcroatia.gov.hr/en/investment-guide/incentives/incentive-measures-for-investment-projects/

All the necessary information is available on the website of the Swedish Government
https://www.government.se/country-and-regional-strategies/

Some EU support programs (for Serbia) 
https://ipard.rs/ 
https://europa.rs/biznis/eu-podrska/
https://www.eupro.org.rs/vtext/eu-pro-objavio-drugi-poziv-za-dodelu-bespovratnih-sredstava-preduzetnicima-mikro-i-malim-preduzecima
https://www.eufondovikonkursi.com/najnoviji-fondovi-konkursi.html

Depending on the federal state, there are various business support programs. For more detailed information, you need to contact the regional Chambers of Commerce and Industry.
It is also possible to consult with experts from the Federal Ministry of Economy and Energy on financing small and medium-sized businesses.

The State Bank for Foreign Economic Activity of Turkmenistan is implementing a program to support small and medium-sized businesses.
According to this program, the following credit products are available to private enterprises and entrepreneurs of Turkmenistan:
Loans at 5% per annum
For investment projects — up to 10 years
For the purchase of working capital — up to 1 year
Loans are subject to up to 85% of the cost of investment projects involving: the development of production, industry, construction, transport, communications, IT, tourism, healthcare, agriculture, provision of services and consumer services to the population, as well as other types of entrepreneurial activity.
Trade financing of import contracts
"Trade financing" is the reliability of calculations and the availability of necessary resources. The use of this product provides ample opportunities for financing the trading operations of our clients:
Opening letters of credit and issuing guarantees on account of credit lines
Provision of credit by the Bank to the client on the date of payment under the letter of credit
Advantages of trade finalizing in Turkmenvnesheconombank:
By issuing a letter of credit and/or a guarantee, the bank undertakes to pay for goods and/or services for shipment and/or delivery to a foreign supplier
The buyer does not divert his own resources and pays off the bank after the sale of the goods
Flexible payment terms and tariffs
Basic conditions of financing:
Contract – import
financing period – up to 2 years
the amount of financing – up to 80% of the contract value
grace period – max. 90 days from the date of payment for trade finance
Factoring
is a new type of financing for suppliers experiencing temporary financial difficulties due to late repayment of debts by buyers and limited sources of credit available to them.
How it works:
The Supplier delivers goods (services) to the Buyer with deferred payment in accordance with the delivery contract, the Supplier transfers the rights of claim and shipping documents to The Bank and makes an advance payment of up to 80% of the buyer's debt to the Supplier's account
At the end of the deferred payment period (up to 6 months), The Buyer pays 100% of the confirmed amount of delivery to the Bank
The Bank withholds commissions in accordance with the factoring agreement, repays the advance payment and transfers the balance of the payment to the Supplier's account
Advantages of Factoring:
The supplier receives money upon shipment
No shortage of working capital
Sales growth due to the provision of favourable terms of cooperation to Buyers (deferred payment)
Factoring will allow you to focus only on sales and gain a significant advantage over competitors!
Loans for trade
If credit resources are needed for retail activities (replenishment of working capital, purchase of goods, the opening of an additional point of sale, etc.), a loan from Vnesheconombank of Turkmenistan is the optimal solution.
Basic credit conditions:
The interest rate is 13-15% per annum
The loan term is 2-3 years
The amount of financing – up to 100% of the contract value

Information about the programs and services of the KSA Government to support entrepreneurship can be obtained at the following links:
1. Strategic program "Vision of Saudi Arabia – 2030" - https://www.vision2030.gov.sa/v2030/vrps/
2. Unified National Platform -
https://www.my.gov.sa/wps/portal/snp/servicesDirectory/BusinessAndEntrepreneurship/BusinessSupportAndAdvice/?serquery=mcit/
3. The Main Directorate of small and medium-sized enterprises of KSA “Monshaat” – 
https://www.monshaat.gov.sa/en?homesection=explore-by-category&term=3942
4. Website of the Ministry of Investments of the KSA - https://misa.gov.sa/en/investor-support/
5. Shareek Program – 
https://blominvestksafiles.blob.core.windows.net/files/Library/Assets/Gallery/Publications/Shareek%20investment%20program.pdf

The UK government offers several ways to finance IT startups. Companies can apply for one of a number of government grants provided by the Ministry of Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy, or try a startup lending scheme that offers loans of up to 25 thousand pounds at a fixed interest rate of 6% per annum for new business ideas. Successful candidates also receive recommendations on writing a business plan and up to 12 months of free mentoring.
There are also a number of funding competitions offered by the state innovation agency "Innovate UK", which finances and unites British enterprises to develop new products, processes and services.

The program "Produce in Georgia" 
Follow the hyperlink: https://investingeorgia.org/

http://mineconom.gov.kg

https://www.gouvernement.fr/action/l-entrepreneuriat
https://bpifrance-creation.fr/encyclopedie/aides-a-creation-a-reprise-dentreprise/aides-a-linnovation/recapitulatif-principales
https://www.economie.gouv.fr/plan-de-relance/profils/entreprises/soutien-entrepreneuriat-territoires-fragiles

Note: knowledge of French is required

The State Program Small and Medium-sized Entrepreneurship for 2021-2025, approved by Resolution No. 56 of the Council of Ministers of the Republic of Belarus dated January 29, 2021

On the website of the Portuguese Investment and Foreign Trade Agency (AICEP, Agência para o Investimento e Comércio Externo de Portugal) https://portugalglobal.pt/PT/InvestirPortugal/CriarEmpresa/Paginas/OInvestimentoEstrangeiroPortugal.aspx
Depending on the type of activity, foreign investors in Portugal can apply for the following preferences: 
- investment in the production of goods and services (Productive Investment): provision of an 8-year interest-free loan in the amount of 30% of project costs, a cash subsidy for loan conversion in the amount of 60% of project costs, tax preferences for 10 years, including exemption from municipal taxes and property tax;
- investments in research and development (R&D Investment): compensation of 25% of project expenses, reimbursement of expenses for research, technical consulting, equipment, acquisition of patents, cash subsidies in the amount of up to 1 million euros, over 1 million – as an interest-free loan, exemption from corporate income tax by 40% of the profit. 
In addition, a set of measures aimed at creating jobs and using local specialists is being applied, including the provision of monthly and one-time grants, as well as exemption from deductions to social funds. With regard to attracting highly qualified foreign personnel, a uniform income tax rate of 20% is applied as a preference for them for 10 years (which is significantly lower than the normal progressive tax rate: 37%-48%).

https://www.smrj.go.jp/english/activities/

Information about government programs to support entrepreneurship in Tajikistan is posted on the websites of the Ministry of Economic Development and Trade, the Ministry of Industry and New Technologies, the State Committee for Investment and State Property Management and the Chamber of Commerce and Industry of the Republic of Tajikistan.

The short-term state programs of entrepreneurship support, operating in relation to Indonesian companies, can be found on the website of the Ministry of Cooperatives and SMEs of RI: https://www.kemenkopukm.go.id. In general, entrepreneurship is supported within the framework of 3 main economic development programs: the National Development Plan for the period 2005-2025; the National Medium-term Development Plan for the period 2020-2025; the Master Plan for Accelerating and Expanding Economic Development for 2011-2025.

Programs aimed at supporting small and medium-sized businesses in the UAE are being developed within the framework of the National Entrepreneurship Support Fund.

All residents of Latvia have the right to support entrepreneurship as from the state bodies of the Republic of Latvia (https://www.em.gov.lv/lv/atbalsta-pasakumi-uznemejiem ), and from EU structures (https://ec.europa.eu/info/business-economy-euro/doing-business-eu/finance-and-support_lv )

On April 7, 2020, the Hungarian government adopted a program of emergency measures to support the country's economy in order to overcome the negative consequences of the coronavirus pandemic. A total of 8.85 trillion will be allocated for its implementation. forints or 18-20% of GDP (25 billion euros) with an emphasis on protecting a labour-based economy.
The package of incentive measures included tax incentives, contributions to the payroll, loan subsidy programs, as well as a shortened working day scheme based on the German Kurzarbeit model.
The program consists of five measures to support the economy:
- the first measure is aimed at preserving jobs (the government has taken over part of the salary payments by companies that had to reduce working hours); 
- the second measure provides for the allocation of 450 billion rubles from the state budget. forints (1.23 billion euro) to create new jobs;
- the third measure is designed to support the severely affected sectors of the economy, such as tourism and the hotel business;
- the fourth measure of the package provides for the provision of preferential loans to Hungarian companies totalling 2 trillion. forints (5.6 billion euro);
- the fifth measure is aimed at protecting families and pensioners, under which the government will gradually increase the number of pension payments.
In general, two funds were formed in the 2020 budget: the Pandemic Protection Fund (1.5 billion rubles). euro) and the Fund for the Protection of the Economy (3.74 billion euro).
In addition, on December 19 2020, Prime Minister Viktor Orban announced four additional measures that were included in the government's action plan to protect the economy, aimed at reducing the impact of the coronavirus pandemic:
- the moratorium on repayment of loans to families and small businesses was extended until July 1, 2021;
- reimbursed two-thirds of wages to employees of catering, tourism, hotels and private transport companies that were temporarily closed;
- taxes for small and medium-sized businesses have been halved since January 1, 2021;
- families with children (including those expecting children) can now apply for a preferential loan for home repairs in the amount of up to 6 million forints (16.8 thousand euros), of which up to 3 million will be automatically deducted after the repair is completed, and the interest rate on the loan does not exceed 3%.

- MyGovernment – a unified platform of government online services (https://www.malaysia.gov.my/portal/category/1522 )
- Capital.my – a government platform that provides information on benefits and grants for small and medium-sized enterprises, as well as startups (https://capital.com.my /)
- Penjana (Pelan Jana Semula Ekonomi Negara) – official website of the government initiative to increase investment activity (https://penjana.treasury.gov.my/index.html )
- Malaysian Investment Development Authority (Invest in Malaysia) – the official website of the statutory body under the Development Authority of Malaysia (https://mida.gov.my /)

Various support programs of the Fund for the Development of Small and Medium-sized Businesses
https://nationalfund.gov.kw/en/services-listing/services-listing-copy /
file:///C:/Users/Office/Downloads/Small%20and%20 Medium%20 Enterprises%20in%20 Kuwait%20-%20Report%20 Vol%20 IV%20(1).pdf
National Fund for the Development of Small and Medium-sized Businesses 
Kuwait Foundation for the Advancement of Sciences (LAFI)
New Kuwait Strategy – 2035

The Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises of India (MSME) implements various programs/schemes for the development and promotion of MSME throughout the country.

https://www.investindia.gov.in/ru-ru/schemes-msmes-india

Yes, programs and projects to support entrepreneurship are published on the official Internet resource of the Executive Agency for the Support of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises under the Ministry of Economy of Bulgaria (https://www.sme.government.bg/?page_id=39222 ).

For more information https://www.oka.org.tr/assets/upload/dosyalar/turkiyede-saglanan-tesvik-ve-destekler-25-78.pdf

There is no specific database, but it is possible to connect partners to consider this issue.

Official Austrade Website www.austrade.gov.au

The Embassy together with Zerde JSC has experience in conducting a video bridge with the participation of potential clients from Estonian IT companies. Such events provide an opportunity to establish contacts between business entities of the two countries. Estonian IT companies are represented at these events through the Estonian state organization "E-Estonia".

The Embassy, together with Kazakhstani companies, have experience in conducting a video bridge with the participation of potential clients from Slovak companies. Such events provide an opportunity to establish contacts between business entities of the two countries.

Have. The Embassy of the Republic of Kazakhstan in Italy is ready to assist in organising any events through Anitec-Assinform - the Italian Association of Information and Communication Technologies.

Perhaps on specialised sites like StartUp Accelerator

To work out this issue, more detailed information from the initiator is needed. The Embassy is ready to provide, within its competence, the necessary advisory assistance if there is a specific request or suggestions that should be sent to the following email address: Zagreb@mfa.kz

It is possible to organise exhibitions and webinars with partner companies or potential clients in the IT field.

If necessary, the Embassy can provide the necessary assistance. To do this, you need to make an appropriate request. An up-to-date database of companies in the IT field can be obtained at the Serbian Chamber of Commerce and Industry.

The possibility of organising exhibitions and webinars with partner companies or potential clients in the IT field is available. There is no current foreign customer base in the IT field.

Upon receipt of a corresponding request, the PRK in Turkmenistan can assist in organising exhibitions and webinars with partner companies or potential clients in the IT field.

It is possible to organise exhibitions and webinars. However, there is no customer base in the IT sector.

At the moment, the UK information technology sector offers a wide range of exhibitions and webinars with the participation of potential partners and clients. Among them are the "Main Conference on Digital Marketing", "IEEE International Conference on Automation and Computing (ICAC)", etc.

To organise exhibitions of webinars with partner companies or potential clients, you can use the Kaz.ge platform.

It exists. The database is missing.

The customer base is assembled locally in cooperation with a local partner, depending on the direction of the IT solution. The main partner of the Embassy in the field of Startup programs, acceleration and presentations is the Creative Valley company, which is a member of Station F. There is an opportunity to organise contacts and search for ways to establish cooperation.

Company website: https://www.creative-valley.fr/

The main share of entrepreneurs in the IT sector is registered in the Hi-Tech Park.

The Embassy can assist in organizing joint events with potential partners. With a corresponding request, you should contact the Embassy of the Republic of Kazakhstan in Portugal (Contacts of the Embassy of the Republic of Kazakhstan in Portugal: Rua Pero da Covilhã, 20, 1400-297, Lisbon, tel.: +351 211 621 690, e-mail: lisbon@mfa.kz )

The Startup Portugal platform operates in Portugal (https://startupportugal.com /) - a database on entrepreneurship in the field of IT. The platform acts as an intermediary between the government, entrepreneurs, incubators and accelerators, determining the needs of the ecosystem. In addition, a Web summit is held annually in Lisbon (https://websummit.com /), which is one of the world's largest IT forums on network technologies and entrepreneurship.

Yes, within the framework of the events of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Assistance is also provided in participating in such events as https://video-pitch.com/tpost/bp424bazb1-kazakhstan-startup-pitch-day
Is there an up-to-date foreign customer base in the IT field?
https://jgoodtech.smrj.go.jp/pub/en/

In Tajikistan, it is possible to organise exhibitions and webinars with partner companies or potential clients in the IT field. To obtain an up-to-date database of IT clients, it is recommended to contact the Ministry of Economic Development and Trade, the Ministry of Industry and New Technologies and the Communications Service under the Government of the Republic of Tatarstan, which is entrusted with the functions of promoting the development of information technologies.

When individuals and legal entities of the Republic of Kazakhstan apply through the Ministry of Foreign Affairs or directly to the Embassy, the diplomatic mission, within its competence, can assist in organizing exhibitions, webinars with partner companies or potential clients in the IT field, including by maintaining official contacts with the state authorities of the host state.

The Embassy can assist and coordinate the organisation of bilateral meetings with potential foreign partners in certain areas. To do this, you need to send a request to the Embassy along with the relevant information.

As a rule, the organisation of such events is carried out jointly by interested organisations on a contractual basis.

Is there an up-to-date foreign customer base in the IT field? 
There is no single database.

There is no special unified IT customer base in Latvia. For a more detailed answer, you need a clear description of the product and the wishes of the entrepreneurs.

If necessary, the Embassy can provide the necessary assistance. To do this, you need to make an appropriate request.

Yes, there is a possibility of organising exhibitions and webinars.

It is possible, but there is no actual customer base in the IT field.

At the official request of Kazakhstani companies or on behalf of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Kazakhstan, the PRK in RI can assist in holding exhibitions and webinars with partner companies or potential clients in the IT field directly, as well as through Honorary Consuls of the Republic of Kazakhstan in India and in countries concurrently (Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Maldives).

Yes, a legal entity of the Republic of Kazakhstan, by agreement with a potential partner, has the opportunity to hold an exhibition and a webinar in the IT field.

If you contact companies working in the IT field in Turkey, you can get acquainted with the customer base, as well as with the organisation of exhibitions and webinars. To get detailed information about companies working in the IT industry in Turkey; http://www.bilisim500.com/2015_BThaberDosya.pdf

To participate independently in the company's affairs, you must first obtain work visas (Employment Pass and Enter Pass). After that, you can act as a local resident director of your company. At the same time, it is not so easy to get these visas - firstly, for an Employment Pass, the company must have a good authorized capital (at least 100,000 SGD), secondly, education and the declared salary of the founder (at least 5,000 SGD) are of great importance. As for the Enter Pass (entrepreneur visa), it is now required to have a unique technology, either to have a local investor or to conduct joint research with one of the official research institutes of Singapore.

There are several types (streams) of visa data:
Business Innovation stream
This visa allows you to:
Legally reside in Australia for 4 years and 3 months;
Manage a new or existing business in Australia;
If all conditions are met, apply for business innovation and investment visa (permanent) subclass
The applicant for this visa must:
Score at least 65 points on the immigration test;
Provide proof of business success (annual turnover, ownership share);
Have net business and personal assets of at least 800,000 AUD.

Investor stream
This visa allows you to:
Legally reside in Australia for 4 years and 3 months;
To carry out business and investment activities in Australia;
If all conditions are met, apply for business innovation and investment visa (permanent) subclass
The applicant for this visa must:
Score at least 65 points on the immigration test;
Invest 1.500.000 AUD in the state or territory of Australia;
Have a legal (clean) business and personal assets of at least 2,250.000 AUD.

Important! When "expressing interest", it is not required to submit accompanying documents, but we recommend that you start collecting them in advance so that the candidate has time to submit them within the allotted time (60 days). The Department of Immigration and Border Protection (DIBP) imposes very serious requirements on candidates. In addition to certified corporate documents and the company's financial balance sheet, an audit will be required. The audit should be conducted in accordance with the international financial reporting format.

A residence permit is not a prerequisite for the establishment of an enterprise in Estonia. A residence permit or a work visa is required for employment on the territory of Estonia, as well as entrepreneurial activities requiring permanent presence of a foreigner in Estonia.  A residence permit for entrepreneurial activity can be applied for if a foreigner has equity participation in a commercial association or acts as an individual entrepreneur. The following conditions must also be met:
• at least 65,000 euros have been invested in the activities of a commercial association in Estonia;
• An individual entrepreneur has invested at least 16,000 euros in entrepreneurial activity in Estonia.
An investment can be considered the company's own capital, a subordinated loan, and the recorded size of the main property.
To submit an application, you must contact the Embassy of the Republic of Estonia personally. A foreigner who is legally in Estonia can submit an application at the service point. 
An application for a residence permit can be submitted in Estonia if the company has been operating in Estonia for at least the last four months, and the person is in the country legally without a visa or on the basis of a visa in connection with the company's activities.

Only a citizen of this country or a person who has received the status of a residence permit / permanent residence in this country can open a company in Slovakia. Thus, it is impossible to obtain a business residence permit in Slovakia based on the opening of a company. This issue is solved by registering a company in Slovakia in the name of a nominee director (a person who has citizenship or the status of a residence permit / permanent residence in Slovakia). Further, after registering a company in Slovakia, you can join the founders and directors (become the sole owner of the company) and issue a business residence permit in Slovakia based on the registration of the company in Slovakia.

You can get detailed information at the specified link
https://investorvisa.mise.gov.it/index.php/en/

Sweden has different rules and regulations on residence requirements for those who move to Sweden to open a company, depending on their nationality. Citizens of the Nordic countries (Denmark, Finland, Norway and Iceland) do not need to register with the Swedish Migration Agency (Migrationsverket) or apply for a residence permit. Citizens of the European Union or the European Economic Area also have the right to reside in Sweden without registering with the Swedish Migration Agency and can apply for a personal identification number. 
If a foreign citizen is not from the EU or the European Economic Area and is going to start his own business, then he will need to apply for a residence permit before arriving in Sweden. Detailed information and requirements are listed on the website of the Swedish Migration Agency (https://clck.ru/FJbSU ).
The Swedish Migration Service is an authority that considers applications from persons who wish to settle in Sweden, come for a visit for a certain period, apply for protection from persecution or obtain Swedish citizenship.

Business owners are granted a residence permit in Serbia, which does not need to be extended, as in the case of a residence permit on a work visa.

To register a business abroad, it is necessary to obtain a visa or a residence permit, since the personal presence of the owner is required when registering a company. It is not necessary to be permanently located in Germany.

It is not required

To register a company in Saudi Arabia, it is necessary to obtain a KSA residence permit, which will allow you to conduct business activities without hindrance, including opening a bank account, obtaining a mobile phone number, and receiving all types of government and medical services, etc.
It is not necessary to be permanently on the territory of the KSA, but it is desirable to be present in the country in order to carry out full-fledged activities of the company.

Yes, there is such a need. For foreigners registering a business in the UK, there are different types of visas, depending on the category of business:
- Innovator Visa – https://www.gov.uk/innovator-visa
- Startup Visa – https://www.gov.uk/start-up-visa
- Visa Of The Sole Representative Of The Company - https://www.gov.uk/representative-overseas-business

There are no such obligations. Meanwhile, if desired, persons arriving in Georgia to carry out business activities and who have invested at least 300 thousand US dollars will be issued a D1 visa (immigration visa) and a work residence permit (for a period of 6 months to 1 year) or those who have the right of ownership of real estate on the territory of Georgia In accordance with the rules established by the legislation of Georgia, (with the exception of agricultural land) with a market value of more than 300 thousand dollars, an investment residence permit will be issued for a period of 5 years.
The validity of the investment residence permit is terminated if in the first year of entrepreneurial activity in Georgia the annual turnover of at least 50 thousand US dollars is not confirmed, and in the second year – the annual turnover of at least 100 thousand US dollars, in the third, fourth and fifth year – the annual turnover of at least 120 thousand US dollars. A person who has been granted an investment residence permit, based on the ownership of real estate worth 300 thousand dollars. is obliged to retain ownership of immovable property or replace the specified immovable property with immovable property of the same or greater value. 
The law also provides for an indefinite residence permit (with the right of permanent residence), which is issued to a foreign citizen and a member of his/her family on the basis of investments in the amount of 300 thousand dollars, who have issued an investment residence permit, which confirms an annual turnover of at least 50 thousand dollars. during the first year of entrepreneurial activity in Georgia, in the second year – an annual turnover of at least 100 thousand dollars, in the third, fourth and fifth year - an annual turnover of at least 120 thousand. or to a foreign citizen and a member of his/her family with an investment residence permit issued on the basis of ownership of real estate worth more than 300 thousand dollars and who has the right to own this property for 5 years after obtaining an investment residence permit.

The procedure for obtaining a residence permit and long-term visas for Kazakhstanis registering business abroad is regulated subject to the availability of norms in the migration legislation of the host state.

In accordance with the Law of the Republic of Belarus "On the Legal Status of Foreign Citizens and Stateless persons in the Republic of Belarus" dated 04.01.2010 No. 105-3, foreigners permanently residing in the Republic of Belarus have the right to engage in labour and entrepreneurial activities. Foreigners temporarily staying and temporarily residing in the Republic of Belarus are not entitled to carry out business activities in the Republic of Belarus without forming a legal entity. In accordance with the legislation of the Republic of Belarus, in order to register an individual entrepreneur, a foreign citizen must have a residence permit in the Republic of Belarus

Not always. Individual forms of doing business can be carried out remotely.
The country has also launched the "E-Residency 2.0" program, developed and promoted by the Startup Portugal platform. It is designed for digital entrepreneurs and investors from countries outside the EU/Schengen area.
This initiative allows you to create a company with a Portuguese taxpayer without having a tax residence in the country.

Yes, if it is necessary to actually stay in Japan.
Is it necessary to stay permanently in the country at the same time?
No, if there are legal representatives in Japan who are Japanese citizens.

For citizens of Kazakhstan registering a business in Tajikistan, there is no need to obtain a long-term visa. The issue of obtaining a residence permit for citizens of Kazakhstan in Tajikistan is voluntary. At the same time, for this category of citizens of the Republic of Kazakhstan, there is no need for permanent residence on the territory of Tajikistan.

For the initial registration of a business in Indonesia, it is sufficient to have a multiple-entry business visa with a short stay from an inviting local partner. It is considered expedient to stay permanently on the territory of the country until the completion of business registration in case additional documents are requested.

For Kazakhstanis registering a business in the UAE, obtaining an appropriate visa is necessary. At the same time, there is no need for permanent residence in the UAE.

Yes – to work in Switzerland, citizens of the Republic of Kazakhstan must obtain a work permit, which gives them the right to residence. Business registration, as a rule, is not a basis for obtaining a residence permit. In some cases (investment cases), the migration authorities of the canton can give a shareholder a work permit if he creates a business in Switzerland and hires a significant number of local staff.
Work and residence permits assume that the centre of a person's life will be located in Switzerland, that is, he and his family must spend most of their time in Switzerland.

There are no such requirements. To obtain a residence permit in Latvia, you need to register a company or get a work visa. If the entrepreneur does not plan to stay in Latvia for a long time, then a short-term Schengen visa is enough.

One of the requirements for registering a company and opening an individual entrepreneur in Hungary is the need to obtain a residence permit. However, the possibility of remote control by the company is also provided.

No, it is enough to find a partner or appoint a trusted company secretary with Malaysian citizenship.

According to the migration legislation, for permanent residence in the host country, it is necessary to obtain a resident visa for a period of 2 years and the possibility of subsequent extension. To obtain a visa, it is necessary to have a sponsor in the person of a citizen of Kuwait or a company registered in Kuwait. A permanent presence is not required.

A multiple-entry business visa can be issued for up to 5 years, while the period of stay in India at each entry should not exceed 6 months.

A residence permit (Permanent residency status - PRS) can be issued for foreign investors subject to the following conditions:
- an investment of at least 100 million Indian rupees (about 582 million tenge) for 18 months or 250 million Indian rupees (1 billion 454 million tenge) for 36 months;
- employment of at least 20 residents of India in each fiscal year.
The PRS is issued for a period of 10 years with the possibility of multiple entry/exit, and can also be extended for the next 10 years. PRS is also issued to all members of the investor's family.

For citizens of the Republic of Kazakhstan who are registering a business in Bulgaria, it is necessary to obtain a long-term visa of category "D". At the same time, it is not necessary to be permanently on the territory of the country.

Foreigners can obtain a visa or a short-term residence permit in Turkey for up to 6 months after visa exemption. Foreigners wishing to stay longer than this period must obtain a long-term visa at the consular offices of Turkey abroad.

A temporary work permit may be issued to a foreigner who has arrived to work in Turkey, or to their spouse and dependents if they have legally and without interruption lived with a foreigner for at least five years.

Unless otherwise provided by bilateral or multilateral agreements to which Turkey is a party, foreigners are required to obtain a work permit before starting dependent or independent work in Turkey.

This is a permit issued by the Ministry of Labor and Social Security in the form of an official document and gives the right to work and live in Turkey during the validity period.

According to International Labor Law No. 6735, foreigners must obtain a permit before starting dependent or independent work in Turkey, unless otherwise provided by bilateral or multilateral agreements to which Turkey is a party.

A work permit or exemption from a work permit issued in accordance with Law No. 6735 replaces a residence permit in accordance with article 27 of Law No. 6458. However, work permits issued to applicants for international protection, conditional refugees and temporary protection statuses do not replace a residence permit.

It is regulated. For more information, visit the IMDB website and the Singapore Cyber Agency

Restrictions and regulations apply only to materials and media related to state secrets.
"Law on State Secrets and Classified Foreign Information": https://www.riigiteataja.ee/akt/106052020036?dbNotReadOnly=true#para39lg2p1
Resolution of the Minister of Defense "Requirements for cryptographic materials, their processing and protection": https://www.riigiteataja.ee/akt/128062017048

Regulated by § 69 of the Law č. 340/2004 Z. z. (https://www.slov-lex.sk/pravne-predpisy/SK/ZZ/2004/340 /) and according to Law 215/2004 Z. z. (https://www.slov-lex.sk/pravne-predpisy/SK/ZZ/2004/215 /)

Regulated. Detailed information can be obtained at the specified link: https://www.esteri.it/mae/resource/doc/2019/09/esteri_cibersecurity_web.pdf

The issues of cryptographic protection of information are regulated by the National Bureau for the Protection of Information Systems of Croatia. The relevant issues are reflected in the Law on Security and the System of Intelligence Agencies of Croatia, the Law on Data Protection, and the Law on Information Security. More details, including the texts of the laws, are available on the bureau's website: https://www.zsis.hr/default.aspx?id=364

There is no information in open sources regarding the legislative side of working with cryptographic information protection tools. According to the position of the Swedish Government, there is no reason to restrict the use of cryptographic technologies in the Kingdom of Sweden in this direction. Everyone has the right to choose such a technology independently.

Work with cryptographic information security tools in Serbia is subject to licensing (as military or dual-use products). This area is regulated by the Law on Production and Trade of Arms and Military Equipment (The Law on Production and Trade of Arms and Military Equipment)

Within the framework of the Data Protection Act (Datenschutz-Grundverordnung, DSGVO)

Laws of Turkmenistan "On legal regulation of Internet development and provision of Internet services in Turkmenistan", "On Communications", "On Information and its protection"

Saudi Arabia has a regulatory framework that regulates the ICT sector and ensures the country's cybersecurity.
1. Regulatory and legal framework of cybersecurity – 
https://www.citc.gov.sa/en/new/publicConsultation/Documents/144010_1_E.pdf
2. KSA Cybersecurity Laws and Regulations - https://iclg.com/practice-areas/cybersecurity-laws-and-regulations/saudi-arabia

At the moment, the General Data Protection Regulation (General Data Protection Regulation) is in force on the territory of the United Kingdom. GDPR is aimed at giving citizens control over their own personal data and at simplifying the regulatory framework for international economic relations by unifying regulations within the EU.
In connection with the country's withdrawal from the European Union, the UK government is considering steps to mitigate the above legislation, but specific decisions have not yet been taken. 
Link: https://ico.org.uk/for-organisations/guide-to-data-protection/guide-to-the-general-data-protection-regulation-gdpr/

By the Resolution of the Government of Georgia dated 13.06.2014, the
Law of Georgia on the Control of Military and Dual-use Products.
https://matsne.gov.ge/en/document/download/2113659/0/ru/pdf

http://ict.gov.kg/index.php?r=site%2Fdoc&cid=10&did=37

Activities related to the cryptographic protection of information are regulated by the National Information Systems Protection Agency (ANSII). The use of cryptography itself does not require permits. 

At the same time, the supply, import, transfer within organizations and export of cryptographic means are subject, with some exceptions, to the declaration or a request for permission from ANSII. 

View the website: https://www.ssi.gouv .fr/en/regulation/cryptology/

In the Republic of Belarus, the issues of cryptographic protection of information that does not contain information classified as state secrets are regulated:
By the Law of the Republic of Belarus of November 10, 2008 "On Information, informatization and information Protection";
By the Law of the Republic of Belarus of December 28, 2009 "On electronic document and electronic digital signature";
Decree of the President of the Republic of Belarus No. 196 dated April 16, 2016 "On some measures to improve information protection", which approved the Regulations on Technical and Cryptographic Protection of Information in the Republic of Belarus;
By Order of the Operational and Analytical Center under the President of the Republic of Belarus No. 66 dated February 20, 2020 “On measures to implement the Decree of the President of the Republic of Belarus No. 449 dated December 9, 2019”
The means of cryptographic protection of information include software, hardware and software that implement one or more cryptographic algorithms (encryption, generation and verification of an electronic digital signature, hashing, image protection) and cryptographic protocols, as well as cryptographic key management functions and security functionality.

There is no separate legislative act. In addition to the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), Portugal's legal framework includes the following data protection legislation:
- Law No. 58/2019 of August 8, the Law "On Data Protection on the protection of individuals with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data" (transposition of Directive 2016/679 of the European Parliament and of the Council of April 27, 2016);
- Law No. 59/2019 of August 8, which approves the rules for the processing of personal data for the prevention, detection, investigation or prosecution of criminal offences or the execution of penalties (transposition of Directive (EC) 2016/680 of the European Parliament and of the Council of April 27, 2016);
- Law No. 41/2004 of August 18, as amended by Law No. 46/2012 of August 29, concerning the processing of personal data and confidentiality in the electronic communications sector (Directive 2002/58/EC on privacy and electronic communications);
- Law No. 32/2008 of July 17 "On the storage of data created or processed in the context of electronic communication services" (Directive 2006/24/EC).

https://www.lexology.com/library/detail.aspx?g=5a1b0e44-9f84-432e-9bed-88523b2ebb6a
https://www.aplaw.jp/data-protection-202009.pdf
If it is regulated, then by what regulatory legal acts? (name, link)
http://www.japaneselawtranslation.go.jp/law/detail/?printID=&re=02&vm=02&id=2760&lvm=01

The legislation of the Republic of Tajikistan in the field of working with cryptographic information protection tools is under development.

One of the latest adopted regulatory legal acts in the field of cryptography is the Regulation of the RI National Agency for Cybersecurity and Cryptography No. 8 of 2020 "On the security system for the operation of electronic systems". The full list of regulatory legal acts on working with cryptographic information protection tools is published on the website of the National Agency for Cybersecurity and Cryptography of the RI: https://jdih.bssn.go.id/regulation-of-national-cyber-and-crypto-agency.

Switzerland has adopted the Federal Law "On the Adaptation of Federal Legislation to the Development of Distributed Ledger Technologies" (Federal Act on the Adaptation of Federal Law to Developments in Distributed Ledger Technology) affecting the means of cryptographic protection of information.
https://www.newsd.admin.ch/newsd/message/attachments/67575.pdf
In addition, the Federal Law "On Telecommunications" also regulates the use of cryptographic protection of information.
https://www.fedlex.admin.ch/eli/cc/1997/2187_2187_2187/en

The EU has introduced the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) 2016/679 - the Regulation of the European Union on the protection of individuals with regard to the processing of personal data and the free movement of such data. This regulation applies to persons residing in the European Union and the European Economic Area. 
https://data.consilium.europa.eu/doc/document/ST-9565-2015-INIT/en/pdf

Organisational and technical measures are applied to ensure the protection of personal data, taking into account the current threats to the security of personal data and information technologies used in the information system: local acts on the processing of personal data have been adopted; records of machine carriers of personal data are kept; control over the measures applied to ensure the protection of personal data is carried out. Personal data is available only to strictly defined employees of the operator. Data storage (databases) is organised on electronic media with a password, on paper - in a safe. Encryption is not used.

Despite the fact that there are no restrictions on working with cryptographic information protection tools in Malaysia, the government of the country provides some laws that regulate the consequences of improper use of cryptography:
1.    Computer Crimes Act 1997 (http://www.commonlii.org/my/legis/consol_act/cca1997185/)
2.    Digital Signature Act 1997 (https://www.mcmc.gov.my/skmmgovmy/media/General/pdf/Act-562.pdf)
3.    Communications and Multimedia Act 1998 (https://www.mcmc.gov.my/skmmgovmy/media/General/pdf/Act588bi_3.pdf)
4.    Personal Data Protection Act 2010 (https://www.kkmm.gov.my/pdf/Personal%20Data%20Protection%20Act%202010.pdf)
5.    Strategic Trade Act 2010 (https://www.mcmc.gov.my/skmmgovmy/media/General/pdf/Act-708-28_4_2.pdf)
6.    Personal Data Protection Standards 2015 (https://www.pdp.gov.my/jpdpv2/assets/2019/09/BukuStandardPDP-2015.pdf)

Kuwait's Communications and Information Technology Regulatory Authority (CITRA) has recently developed Kuwait's first comprehensive Data Privacy Protection Regulation (Regulation). This new Regulation is aimed at eliminating an important regulatory gap in Kuwait and will apply to both public and private organisations that process personal data of Kuwaiti citizens, as well as local and foreign residents of Kuwait. "ZITHER", "2035".
Kuwait Communications and Information Technology Regulatory Authority (CITRA)
https://www.citra.gov.kw/sites/en/Pages/Home.aspx
Learn more about the Regulations
https://www.accesspartnership.com/access-alert-kuwaits-first-comprehensive-data-privacy-protection-regulation/

https://www.mha.gov.in/division_of_mha/cyber-and-information-security-cis-division 
https://cis-india.org/internet-governance/blog/export-and-import-of-security-technologies-in-india.pdf
https://www.cyberswachhtakendra.gov.in/ 

The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Bulgaria provides the following links on this issue: https://www.dksi.bg 
https://www.dksi.bg/media/1616/naredba_za_kriptografskata_sigurnost_na_klasificiranata_informaciq.pdf

Electronic Signature Law

https://www.mevzuat.gov.tr/mevzuat?MevzuatNo=5070&MevzuatTur=1&MevzuatTertip=5

Regulations on procedures and principles for the implementation of coded or cryptographic communication within the framework of electronic communication activities of State institutions and organizations, as well as individuals and legal entities

https://www.mevzuat.gov.tr/mevzuat?MevzuatNo=14387&MevzuatTur=7&MevzuatTertip=5

There is- the means of cryptography belongs to the sphere of national security.

Restrictions and regulations apply only to materials and media related to state secrets.

Restrictions and regulations apply only to materials and media related to state secrets.

Detailed information can be obtained at the specified link: https://www.esteri.it/mae/resource/doc/2019/09/esteri_cibersecurity_web.pdf

The import and export of information security tools are the responsibility of the National Information Systems Protection Bureau of Croatia.

There is no information in open sources regarding the import of cryptographic information protection tools. However, the Swedish Government believes that the import of cryptographic technologies should remain free from restrictions.

We recommend that you familiarise yourself with the relevant legislative acts of the Republic of Serbia:
The Law on the Export and Import of Arms and Military Equipment
https://mtt.gov.rs/en/download/Arms%20Control%20Law.pdf

The Law on the Export and Import of Dual-use Products
https://mtt.gov.rs/en/download/Arms%20Control%20Law.pdf

Source: the database of the official website of the Ministry of Trade, Tourism and Telecommunications of the Republic of Serbia  
https://mtt.gov.rs/en/documents/

Decisions to restrict the import of certain types of goods into the territory of EU countries are made by the European Commission and relevant EU organisations.

Laws of Turkmenistan "On legal regulation of Internet development and provision of Internet services in Turkmenistan", "On Communications", "On Information and its protection"

Yes, there are. The import of encryption tools is regulated by the Rules of the Commission on Communications and Information Technologies of the KSA on the Import and Licensing of Telecommunications and Information equipment - https://www.citc.gov.sa/En/RulesandSystems/RegulatoryDocuments/EquipmentApproval/Documents/TA117E.PDF

The restrictions are in accordance with the provisions of the International Wassenaar Arrangement on Export Control of Conventional Arms, Dual-use Goods and Technologies of 1996, to which the United Kingdom is a party.

Means of identification, authentication, encryption (cryptography) and means of control, development and distribution of cyphers are included in the lists of military and dual-use products by the Decree of the Government of Georgia dated 13.06.2014. And in accordance with the Law of Georgia on the Control of Military and Dual-use Products, its import is carried out with the permission of the Ministry of Defence.

http://ict.gov.kg

Yes, the import of cryptographic tools and solutions is regulated by the National Information Systems Protection Agency (ANSII).

By Article 7 of the Customs Code of the Eurasian Economic Union, goods are moved across the customs border of the Eurasian Economic Union and (or) placed under customs procedures in compliance with prohibitions and restrictions. In addition, compliance with non-tariff regulation measures, including those imposed unilaterally, and technical regulation measures are confirmed in the cases and the manner determined by the Commission or the legislation of the Member States by the Treaty on the Union, and export control measures, including measures for military products, - in cases and by the procedure established by the legislation of the Member States, by submitting documents and (or) information confirming compliance with such measures.
The procedure for the import into the customs territory of the Eurasian Economic Union and export from the customs territory of the Union of encryption (cryptographic) means and goods containing such means is determined by the Regulations on the import into the Customs territory of the Eurasian Economic Union and export from the Customs Territory of the Eurasian Economic Union of encryption (cryptographic) means, approved by the Decision of the Board of the Eurasian Economic Commission dated April 21, 2015 Year No. 30 "On Non–Tariff Regulation Measures" (hereinafter referred to as the Import Regulations).
According to the Import Regulations, it is established that the placement of encryption (cryptographic) means under the customs procedures of release for domestic consumption and export is carried out when a license or notification information is submitted to the customs authority of a member state.

There are no restrictions.

In the list of goods prohibited for import to Japan, this name is missing.
https://www.customs.go.jp/english/summary/prohibit.htm
https://www.jetro.go.jp/en/reports/regulations.html

There are no restrictions on the import of cryptographic protection of information at the legislative level.

Cryptography in Indonesia is under the jurisdiction of a state body – the National Agency for Cybersecurity and Cryptography of the Republic of Indonesia and is used mainly in the interests of defence and security of the country. Despite the interest shown by the business community of a number of Asia-Pacific countries, the Government of RI has not yet settled the issue of the use, including import, of cryptographic information security tools for use in the private sector.

According to the Federal Law "On Telecommunications", the development and production of cryptographic software and hardware is not subject to any restrictions.

There are no specific restrictions.

There are no restrictions on the export or import of cryptographic information security in Malaysia. Any transfer of devices and technologies related to cryptography from Malaysia to another country or vice versa is allowed without any licenses.

There is no information in open sources. It is necessary to make a request to the authorized body.
Kuwait's Communication and Information Technology Regulatory Authority (CITRA)
https://www.citra.gov.kw/sites/en/Pages/Home.aspx

https://www.mha.gov.in/division_of_mha/cyber-and-information-security-cis-division 
https://cis-india.org/internet-governance/blog/export-and-import-of-security-technologies-in-india.pdf
https://www.cyberswachhtakendra.gov.in/ 

According to open sources, coordination and control over the use, production and import of cryptographic protection of classified information are carried out by the State Agency for National Security of Bulgaria (GANB).
According to the Rules of Cryptographic Security of Classified Information approved by the Decree of the Government of the Republic of Bulgaria dated November 11, 2003 No. 263, the import of cryptographic means can be approved for the protection of classified information with a classification level up to (Article 80):
1. "Confidential";
2. "Secret", including if they are produced in a country with which an international treaty has entered into force, according to which the Republic of Bulgaria is a country for the protection of classified information, and approved for the protection of its information with an appropriate or higher level of classification.
(2) cryptographic tools designed to protect information with a classification level of "confidential" and higher may be approved only if the cryptographic algorithm for protecting data confidentiality is implemented in a hardware cryptographic module and it is possible to modify it without the participation of the manufacturer. Approved cryptographic means are operated only with the help of a cryptographic algorithm modified by the GANB.

The import of cryptographic protection of information is imported only with special permission.

It is possible to identify potential partners if specific areas of interest are sent for study.
However, it should be understood that the Singaporean side is trying to keep a distance and be zealous about sensitive information, especially in terms of new technologies and their transfer abroad.

The Consulate General is ready to consider this issue if there is a request.

In such cases, the Embassy assists in finding partners by sending a request to local special associations (for example, the Estonian Information Technology Association, etc.), which, as a rule, unite enterprises with the appropriate work profile.

In such cases, the Embassy assists in finding partners by sending a request to local special associations (for example, the Slovak Agency for Investment and Trade Development (SARIO), etc.), which, as a rule, unite enterprises with the appropriate work profile.

There is. The Embassy of the Republic of Kazakhstan in Italy is ready to provide support..

The foreign institutions of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the USA cannot lobby the interests of individual companies in the USA, but they are ready to provide consulting assistance.

To work out this issue, more detailed information from the initiator is needed. The Embassy is ready to provide, within its competence, the necessary advisory assistance if there is a specific request or suggestions that should be sent to the following email address: Zagreb@mfa.kz

The Embassy assists in the search for potential partners.

If necessary, the Embassy can provide the necessary assistance. To do this, you need to make an appropriate request.

The Embassy can arrange meetings with the corresponding interest of the counter-partners. It is necessary to send a letter to the Embassy indicating specific companies and, if possible, their contact details.

If a corresponding request is received, the ERK in Turkmenistan can assist in finding potential partners.

The Embassy of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the KSA can provide assistance only within its competence and capabilities (only one diplomat is responsible for the trade and economic block), as well as by sending relevant requests to the Federation of Chambers of Commerce and Industry of the KSA. To do this, you need to make an official request to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Kazakhstan and contact the responsible Embassy staff responsible for the trade and economic sector by phone: +966 11 480 6406 or Email: riyadh@mfa.kz .

If you are interested in developing cooperation with the British side, you should contact the Embassy of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the UK, which will take all necessary measures to assist in establishing contacts and developing relations with potential British companies (contact details are available on the Embassy's website).

After receiving and considering an official appeal from Kazakh businessmen, the Embassy together with Kaz.ge is ready to search, identify relevant business partners and organise meetings with them.

It is necessary to send a letter to the Embassy with full information about the Kazakh company/start-up by attaching a presentation in English, as well as indicate the type of activity, and the scope for potential cooperation. If there are specific counter-partners, specify the names of French companies.

Yes, the Embassy of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the Republic of Belarus has such an opportunity. The interested Kazakh agency/organization sends a request through the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Kazakhstan about the need to find a potential partner in the area of interest with reinforcement/ clarification of the necessary information about the project.

The Embassy of the Republic of Kazakhstan in Portugal, within its competence, provides the necessary assistance in finding potential partners to promote domestic exports and attract foreign investment in priority sectors of the economy. With a corresponding request, you should contact the Embassy of the Republic of Kazakhstan in Portugal (Contacts: Rua Pedro da Covil (20, 1400-297), d. (20, 1400-297).: +351 211 621 690, Email address: lisbon@mfa.kz ).

Yes, within the framework of the events of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Assistance is also provided in participating in such events as https://video-pitch.com/tpost/bp424bazb1-kazakhstan-startup-pitch-day
If so, how? (mechanism of action)
It is necessary to contact the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Kazakhstan, or directly to a foreign institution.
https://www.gov.kz/memleket/entities/mfa-tokyo/contacts?lang=ru

There is no such possibility, due to the lack of information about potential Tajik partners in the IT field.

According to the Regulations on the Diplomatic and Equivalent representation of the Republic of Kazakhstan, approved by the Decree of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated February 4, 2004 No. 1287, the Embassy of the Republic of Kazakhstan protects the rights and interests of the Republic of Kazakhstan, its citizens and legal entities, including by maintaining official contacts with the state authorities of the host state.
When individuals and legal entities of the Republic of Kazakhstan apply through the Ministry of Foreign Affairs or directly to the Embassy, the diplomatic mission, within its competence, assists in the promotion of Kazakhstani business.

The Embassy can assist and coordinate the organisation of bilateral meetings with potential foreign partners in certain areas. To do this, you need to send a request to the Embassy along with the relevant information.

The Embassy represents the political, trade, economic and other interests of the Republic of Kazakhstan in relations with the countries of accreditation, and on behalf of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Kazakhstan can provide assistance within its competence.

Perhaps. It is necessary to send your request with a description of the product and wishes to the official mail of the Embassy of Kazakhstan in Latvia: riga@mfa.kz 
After that, it is possible to work out individual recommendations.

If necessary, the Embassy can provide the necessary assistance. To do this, you need to make an appropriate request.

Yes, there is such a possibility. The mechanism of action is individual.

It is possible with the use of local connections and consulting companies.

The Embassy, as a state institution, cannot recommend any Bulgarian company to a legal entity of the Republic of Kazakhstan, since it has no right to lobby the interests of specific legal entities. The search and selection of a counter-partner are carried out by such a company according to the rules of the market economy at its discretion and on the basis of its own interests. In addition, the Embassy is not responsible for the integrity of the host country's companies.
Meanwhile, the Embassy can assist in providing assistance for the promotion of Kazakhstani export goods to the Bulgarian market if there is a corresponding instruction from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Kazakhstan. In this case, the Embassy is guided by the latest instructions of the President of Kazakhstan K.Tokayev in relation to the promotion of Kazakhstan's exports and the concept of the sectoral Ministry for the development of Kazakhstan's exports in general (country export program).