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What is OOP?

Object-oriented programming (OOP) is a programming paradigm that uses "objects" as key elements of program code. Unlike procedural programming, where a program is organized as a sequence of instructions, OOP organizes code around data and methods that manipulate that data.

The OOP is based on four basic principles:

  1. Encapsulation: This is the principle of hiding data and methods from the outside world. Each object has an internal state and methods that can only be accessed through certain interfaces. This allows you to protect internal data from unwanted changes and reduces the dependency between different parts of the program.
  2. Inheritance: Inheritance allows you to create new classes based on existing ones by inheriting their properties and methods. This allows you to reuse code and create more complex structures based on simple ones.
  3. Polymorphism: This principle allows you to use the same interface to work with different types of objects. Polymorphism is achieved due to the fact that methods defined in the parent class can be overridden in child classes, changing their behavior.
  4. Abstraction: Abstraction allows you to highlight only the important characteristics of an object, hiding all the non-essential details. This makes it easier to understand and use classes and objects.

Imagine that you are creating a zoo management software. Your code may contain classes "Animal", "Mammal", "Bird". The "Animal" class can contain common methods such as "breathe" and "eat", and the "Mammal" and "Bird" classes can inherit these methods by adding their own unique properties, for example, "fly" for birds.

OOP makes the code more structured, flexible and easy to maintain. Using objects helps to reduce code duplication, improve its readability, and simplify program modification and expansion in the future.

OOP is a powerful programming paradigm that allows you to create complex and easily supported software products. Thanks to encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism and abstraction, programmers can build flexible and scalable systems.

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Aug. 15, 2024 04:55