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Physicists turned to supercomputers to 3D map the building blocks of matter

Physicists from the HadStruc collaboration, based at Jefferson Laboratory, have used supercomputers to create a detailed 3D map of protons and neutrons, the building blocks of matter.

A study recently published in the Journal of High Energy Physics uses lattice quantum chromodynamics (QCD) to visualize the interactions of quarks and gluons — collectively known as partons — inside these hadrons.

This new three-dimensional approach based on generalized parton distributions (GPD) is intended to expand our understanding of spin and the internal structure of the proton. Unlike traditional one-dimensional parton distribution functions, GPDs offer a more complete picture, potentially explaining how the spin of a proton is formed from quarks and gluons.

The study involved 65,000 supercomputer simulations that processed millions of hours of data.

The team expects the results to serve as the basis for experiments at the upcoming Electron Ion Collider (EIC).

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