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Artificial intelligence and Alzheimer's disease: How AI helps in diagnosis and treatment

Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disease that affects memory, thinking and behavior. It usually manifests itself in people over the age of 65, but there is also an early form of the disease that can appear in people younger than this age. Early detection of the disease is crucial to initiate effective treatment that can slow the progression of symptoms and improve the quality of life of patients. Artificial intelligence (AI) is becoming an important tool in the diagnosis and treatment of Alzheimer's disease, offering new and more accurate methods for detecting and predicting the disease. Dementia is a serious global health problem affecting more than 55 million people worldwide, with an estimated annual cost of $820 billion. The number of cases is expected to almost triple over the next 50 years.

Researchers at the University of Cambridge have developed an artificial intelligence (AI) tool that can predict whether a person with early signs of dementia will develop Alzheimer's disease. This AI algorithm uses data from cognitive tests and structural MRI scans to predict disease progression with high accuracy. This method already shows that AI can surpass traditional diagnostic methods in detecting early signs of the disease.

The model also allowed the researchers to divide people with Alzheimer's disease, using data from each person's first visit to a memory clinic, into three groups: those whose symptoms remained stable (about 50% of participants), those with Alzheimer's disease progressed slowly (about 35%) and those with progressed faster (the remaining 15%). These predictions were confirmed by analyzing the 6-year follow-up data. This is important because it can help identify these people at an early enough stage so that they can benefit from new treatments, as well as identify those people who need careful monitoring, as their condition is likely to deteriorate rapidly.

"We have created a tool that is much more sensitive than current approaches in predicting the transition from mild symptoms to Alzheimer's disease."
-Zoe Kourtzi

A new artificial intelligence system capable of predicting Alzheimer's disease with high accuracy has been presented in a study by the University of California, San Francisco. Trained on the medical data of more than 250,000 patients, this model can determine the risk of developing the disease 7 years before diagnosis with an accuracy of 70%, and a year before diagnosis with an accuracy of 80%. Adding demographic characteristics such as year of birth, gender, ethnicity, and race increased the accuracy of forecasts to 86-90%.

One example of successful AI applications is the development of algorithms that can analyze patients' speech patterns. Studies have shown that changes in speech can be early indicators of cognitive impairment associated with Alzheimer's disease. AI algorithms analyze parameters such as speech tempo, frequency of use of certain words, and syntactic structures, identifying minor changes that are difficult to notice during a routine clinical examination.

  • Scientists from Boston University have developed a new artificial intelligence algorithm that can predict with 78.5% accuracy the development of Alzheimer's disease in people with moderate cognitive impairment over the next six years. The system analyzes the features of human speech, which can help with early diagnosis and the development of new treatment methods.

The use of AI reduces the need for invasive and expensive diagnostic methods such as positron emission tomography (PET) or lumbar puncture. This helps to improve treatment outcomes in the early stages, when lifestyle changes or new treatments may be most effective.

"If we are going to address the growing health problem associated with dementia, we will need better tools to identify and intervene at the earliest possible stage. Our vision is to scale up our artificial intelligence tool to help clinicians assign the right person at the right time the right path of diagnosis and treatment. Our tool can help select the right patients to participate in clinical trials, accelerating the discovery of new drugs for disease-modifying therapies.” - Zoe Kourtzi

Early detection of Alzheimer's disease allows you to start effective treatment earlier. The use of AI helps to identify signs of the disease at an early stage, which contributes to more successful disease control and management. AI algorithms can analyze data such as cognitive test results and brain images to accurately predict the development of the disease.

The use of AI allows you to predict the progression of the disease and take action at an early stage. This may include lifestyle changes, medication, or other methods. For example, AI can help doctors develop personalized treatment plans for each patient based on their unique biomarkers and health data.

AI is also contributing to the development of new treatments for Alzheimer's disease. Research shows that exposing the brain to light, sound, or an electromagnetic field to stimulate gamma waves can support cognitive brain function and help in the fight against Alzheimer's disease. These methods are at the experimental research stage, but they already show promising results.

In addition, AI is used to analyze huge amounts of data from clinical trials and medical research to identify new potential drugs and their combinations. This significantly speeds up the process of developing new drugs and allows for a faster transition to clinical trials.

The use of artificial intelligence in the diagnosis and treatment of Alzheimer's disease opens up new perspectives and helps to improve the quality of life of patients. Thanks to AI, doctors are able to more accurately and quickly detect the disease at an early stage, develop effective treatment plans and predict the progression of the disease. This allows patients to maintain cognitive functions and independence for longer, and reduces the burden on healthcare systems. In the future, as technology develops and research expands, the role of AI in the fight against Alzheimer's disease will only increase, opening up new ways to diagnose, treat and prevent this serious disease.

Articles for more detailed information on the basis of which this post is made

https://www.cam.ac.uk/research/news/artificial-intelligence-outperforms-clinical-tests-at-predicting-progress-of-alzheimers-disease

https://www.thelancet.com/journals/eclinm/article/PIIS2589-5370(24)00304-3/fulltext

https://myneuralnetworks.ru/neronews/news_8567/

https://overclockers.ru/blog/Global_Chronicles/show/165930/II-sposoben-predskazat-razvitie-bolezni-Al-cgejmera-po-rechevym-osobennostyam

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Все-таки хорошо что есть ИИ

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