Modern education sets itself the task not only of transferring knowledge, but also of developing students' complex of key skills, including functional literacy. Functional literacy involves the ability to apply language knowledge and skills to successfully complete various communication tasks in various situations.

Interactive methods of presentation of educational material are focused on the active interaction of students with the content of the lesson. This includes various methods such as group discussions, game assignments, role-playing games, project activities, and others. They create a more favorable environment for the development of functional literacy, as they activate students and encourage them to use language skills in practice.

Interactive methods such as group discussions and role-playing games create an environment where students actively communicate and share knowledge. This stimulates not only the use of language skills in practice, but also develops students' ability to express their thoughts and ideas more effectively. For example, when discussing a specific problem or topic, students are forced to express their points of view, argue their statements and listen to the opinions of other participants.

Interactive methods make the learning process more interesting and exciting for students. Game tasks, role-playing games and project activities can generate more interest and motivation for students to study. When students see the practical applicability of educational material in real situations, it stimulates their active participation and desire to learn more.

Interactive teaching methods also contribute to the development of critical thinking and analysis skills in students. For example, when working on projects or solving problematic situations, students are forced to analyze information, make decisions and assess the consequences of their actions. This helps them not only to better understand the learning material, but also to develop the ability to think analytically.

Interactive methods of presentation of educational material have a significant impact on the formation of key skills of students, including functional literacy. Let's take a closer look at which specific skills are developed through various methods and how this affects their learning.

1. Communication and interaction skills

Interactive methods, such as group discussions and role-playing games, contribute to the development of communication and interaction skills of students. Engaging in dialogues and exchanges of opinions helps them express their thoughts more clearly and confidently, as well as listen to and respect the points of view of others (Johnson & Johnson, 1999). Below is a diagram showing the impact of group discussions on the development of communication skills:

2. Critical thinking and analysis skills

Interactive methods also contribute to the development of critical thinking and analysis skills. For example, when solving problem situations or conducting research projects, students are forced to analyze information, highlight key aspects and make informed decisions (Blumenfeld et al., 1991). Below is a table showing the impact of project activities on the development of critical thinking skills:

3. Cooperation and leadership skills

Interactive methods also contribute to the development of cooperation and leadership skills. Working in groups or in role-playing games requires students to be able to collaborate effectively, share responsibility, and make decisions together. In addition, such methods can contribute to the development of leadership skills in some students.

The effective use of interactive methods in education requires taking into account the characteristics of different age and cultural groups of students. Here are some recommendations for adapting interactive methods to different age and cultural contexts:

1. Adaptation to age groups:

• For younger children (preschoolers and primary school students):
• Use game techniques, drawings, multimedia materials to attract attention and create interest.
• Organize classes in the form of entertaining games with the active participation of all students.
• For middle-aged students (middle and high school grades):
• Include methods in the learning process collaborations, for example, group projects and discussion of topics in pairs or small groups.
• Suggest tasks that require analysis and critical thinking to encourage students to be more a deep understanding of the material.
• For students (university level):
• Use the methods of active learning activities such as case discussions, project activities, and practical assignments to link the learning material to real-world ones professional situations.
• Maintain a variety of shapes independent work, such as research projects and public performances.

2. Adaptation to cultural peculiarities:

• Take into account cultural traditions and Values:
• When choosing teaching methods take into account the cultural characteristics of your class and strive to create an environment in which every student feels comfortable and respected.
• Use examples and tasks, which reflect the cultural diversity and interests of the students.
• Stimulate intercultural communication Interaction:
• Organize discussions and projects, which promote the exchange of cultural knowledge and experience between students different cultures.
• Encourage participation in cultural events events and activities that will help broaden the horizons of students.
• Take into account the language features:
• Provide language support for students for whom English is not their native language, using translation tools, dictionaries, or additional explanations.
• Keep active communication on a language that is accessible to all students, and encourage the use of language skills skills in various situations.

Adapting interactive methods to different age and cultural groups requires flexibility and an understanding of the individual needs of students. Educators should strive to create an inclusive educational environment where every student can achieve success and develop their skills.

The following are practical examples of interactive methods that can be successfully applied in the educational process to achieve the goals of developing functional literacy. Each method is accompanied by a specific description of its purpose, structure and examples of use in educational practice.

Practical examples of interactive methods

1. Gallery of thoughts:
2. Purpose: stimulate critical thinking and the exchange of ideas.
3. Example: place There are pictures, articles, diagrams or others on the walls of the classroom or on the blackboard materials related to the educational topic. Students walk around the room, write down their thoughts and reactions to each submitted material.
4. Discussion circle:
5. Goal: development skills of discussion and argumentation.
6. Example: form a circle of chairs and invite the students to sit in it. Put a question or suggestion for discussion, giving each participant the opportunity take turns speaking out. The teacher may ask additional questions, to expand the discussion.
7. Discussion Carousel:
8. Purpose: to promote exchange of ideas and opinions between all students.
9. Example: divide it up Divide the class into several groups and give each group its own question or task. Students discuss their questions within the group for a certain period of time. time, then move on to the next group to discuss the next one question.
10. Working in pairs or triads:
11. Purpose: cooperation and mutual assistance to solve problems.
12. Example: give students have a task or problem to solve in pairs or triads. Students they discuss their ideas and propose solutions together, after which they share share your conclusions with the class.
13. Interactive games and simulations:
14. Purpose: training through the game form and practical application of knowledge.
15. Example: use Game applications and role-playing simulations for teaching complex concepts or processes.

These practical examples demonstrate the variety of interactive methods that can be used in the educational process to develop students' functional literacy. Each method is suitable for specific learning purposes and contexts , and can be adapted to the specific needs of the class and students.

Interactive methods of presentation of educational material play a key role in the development of functional literacy of students in modern education. Their use contributes not only to a more effective assimilation of educational material, but also to the development of a wide range of skills necessary for successful communication and adaptation in modern society. Further research in this area can help determine the optimal strategies for using interactive methods to maximize the development of students' functional literacy.

literature

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2.     Kolesnik N. P. Interactive pedagogical technologies in the system of functional literacy formation: a workbook on the use of the results of external evaluation procedures (part 1) //St. Petersburg: GAOU DPO "LOIRO. – 2020.

3.     Plaksina I. V. Interactive technologies in education and upbringing: a methodological guide. – 2014.

4.     Prange O. V., Sagyndykova G. M. Functional literacy of a student in the context of updating the content of education //Science and education: a new time. - 2016. – No. 5. – pp. 556-563.